{"product_id":"breaking-the-color-barrier-9780814740132","title":"Breaking the Color Barrier","description":"\u003cp\u003eWinner of the 2006 Richard W. Leopold Prize from the Organization of American Historians\u003cbr\u003eWinner of the 2006 George Pendleton Prize from the Society for History in the Federal Government\u003cbr\u003eOnly five black men were admitted to the United States Naval Academy between Reconstruction and the beginning of World War II. None graduated, and all were deeply scarred by intense racial discrimination, ranging from brutal hazing incidents to the institutionalized racist policies of the Academy itself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreaking the Color Barrier\u003c\/b\u003e examines the black community's efforts to integrate the Naval Academy, as well as the experiences that black midshipmen encountered at Annapolis. Historian Robert J. Schneller analyzes how the Academy responded to demands for integration from black and white civilians, civil rights activists, and politicians, as well as what life at the Academy was like for black midshipmen and the encounters they had with their white classmates.\u003cbr\u003eIn 1949, Midshipman Wesley Brown achieved what seemed to be the impossible: he became the first black graduate of the Academy. Armed with intelligence, social grace, athleticism, self-discipline, and an immutable pluck, as well as critical support from friends and family, Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, and the Executive Department, Brown was able to confront and ultimately shatter the Academy’s tradition of systematic racial discrimination.\u003cbr\u003eBased on the Navy’s documentary records and on personal interviews with scores of midshipmen and naval officers, \u003cb\u003eBreaking the Color Barrier\u003c\/b\u003e sheds light on the Academy’s first step in transforming itself from a racist institution to one that today ranks equal opportunity among its fundamental tenets.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Robert J. Schneller, Jr.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48272852517115,"sku":"9780814740132","price":107.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0779\/3917\/9771\/files\/CoreSourceHub_fc4da2ce-acfa-4ae9-9fed-9893c006b80d.jpg?v=1770992202","url":"https:\/\/indiepubs.com\/products\/breaking-the-color-barrier-9780814740132","provider":"IndiePubs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}