{"product_id":"negotiating-cultures-9789004112445","title":"Negotiating Cultures","description":"James I \"the Conqueror\", king of Arago-Catalonia, conquered Mediterranean Spain from Islam during fifty crusading years (1225-1276). From his many surrender treaties, only two survive in their interlinear bilingual originals, both presented here. Each reflects the fragmentation of post-Almohad Islam, the warrior heroes of Islam carving recalcitrant principalities out of the confusion, the hard-fought local negotiations and the confrontation between two radically opposed mentalities.\u003cbr\u003eThe full meaning of these battered and deteriorated bits of parchment emerges only from minute reconstruction of the Arabic and Latinate texts and especially from ever-widening circles of changing contexts in each world, an historical kaleidoscope.\u003cbr\u003eMany surprises here await students of medieval Europe, the Islamic West, Spain, the Crusades, diplomacy, Mudejars\/Moriscos, and cultural conflict and interchange.","brand":"Míkel de Epalza","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48269311541499,"sku":"9789004112445","price":227.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0779\/3917\/9771\/files\/CoreSourceHub_80846f91-4570-4ddf-addc-9eace70432cf.jpg?v=1770949096","url":"https:\/\/indiepubs.com\/products\/negotiating-cultures-9789004112445","provider":"IndiePubs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}