​​How did the Greek gymnasium shape education and civic identity across the ancient world? This volume investigates the gymnasium not only as a physical space but as a dynamic institution central to social, cultural, and political life from the Archaic period to Late Antiquity. Bringing together interdisciplinary studies, it draws on new archaeological, epigraphic, and literary evidence to explore educational practices, local variations, and broader shared traditions across the Graeco-Roman world. The contributions examine architecture, athletic and intellectual training, civic values, and the role of the gymnasium within urban landscapes and beyond. By moving beyond the notion of a uniform institution, the volume highlights the diversity and adaptability of gymnasium culture in different regions and periods. It also considers the lasting impact of these educational models, including their reception in later contexts. Offering fresh perspectives and new material, this book is an essential resource for scholars, students, and anyone interested in ancient education, society, and cultural history.