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The sustainable sugarcane initiative
With ever-growing demands for sugar and difficulties in expanding cane area to meet such demands, increasing cane productivity per unit area, but with a reduced ecological footprint, has become imperative. The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) addresses these concerns. This chapter describes...
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Improving production and utilization of sorghum in asia
Sorghum was once a major crop in dry regions. However, its production area has decreased drastically, especially in Asia. In order to revitalize sorghum production, we must reorient sorghum research in the contexts of present and future demands, and resolve specific production constraints, thereb...
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Weed ecology and population dynamics
Agricultural trends, including a global rise in herbicide-resistant weed genotypes and a growing demand for food produced with minimal external synthetic inputs, are driving producer interest in reducing reliance on herbicides for weed management. An improved understanding of weed ecology can sup...
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Advances in understanding tree fruit-rhizosphere microbiome relationships for enhanced plant health
Host–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere influence numerous processes that determine plant productivity and health. The rhizo-microbiome influences functions ranging from protection of the plant from pathogen attack to enhanced nutrient availability and uptake. This chapter examines the use o...
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Foodomics: advances in product testing in agri-food supply chains
This chapter is written to describe the concept of product testing in agri-food supply chains and the methods that are being developed to identify instances of product non-conformance with either regulatory requirements, market requirements or both. The emergence of a range of new technologies pr...
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Physiological and behavioral responses to disease in pigs
This chapter provides critical information on the physiological and behavioral responses common to pigs experiencing disease and describe animal-based outcomes directly impacted during a disease state. In addition, timely tools to prevent and monitor disease at the herd level are discussed and di...
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Understanding rumen lipid metabolism to optimize dairy products for enhanced human health and to monitor animal health
Rumen lipid metabolism largely determines the fatty acid composition of dairy products. As such, milk fatty acids can be used as indicators of ruminal and hence animal health. Control of rumen metabolism might also facilitate the production of dairy products enriched in unsaturated fatty acids fo...
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Advances in understanding grain legume physiology: understanding root architecture, nutrient uptake and response to abiotic stress
Root system architecture (RSA) influences root foraging and resource uptake from the soil and thus determines plant growth and productivity in grain legumes. Understanding RSA, nutrient uptake and its response to drought and other abiotic stresses is vital for breeding super genotypes for efficie...
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Risk management systems for prevention and control of contaminants in animal feed
Feed safety remains an issue for both the health of livestock and as a prerequisite for food safety. Risk assessment plays a role in identifying and determining potential risks of contaminants. When contaminants limits are defined, risk management systems can be designed for prevention and contro...
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Machine vision techniques to monitor behaviour and health in precision livestock farming
This chapter reviews advances in computer vision-based technologies for precision livestock farming. It also reviews how automation in image analysis can promote smart management of livestock to improve health and welfare. The chapter discusses the main devices for data acquisition in computer-vi...
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Developments in precision pasture management systems
Pasture management is an important aspect of dairy farming, making up a significant portion of the dairy cow diet in many countries. Where grazing is the primary feed source, it relies on the quantity and nutritive value of grass. Pasture management involves a number of aspects, such as the measu...
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Causes, prevention and management of infertility in dairy cows
Reproduction and fertility are central components to successful dairy enterprises, and an appropriate management and understanding of the physiological events needed for fertility is crucial to sustainable dairy farming. This chapter discusses the physiology of the main impediments to fertility a...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in enabling market access for smallholders
Sourcing from smallholder farmers presents a number of challenges, stemming from the informal ecosystem in which individual farmers operate as well as from the diverse and fragmented nature of smallholders as a group. The three main types of challenges are: technical, logistical and behavioural. ...
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Instant insights: optimising quality attributes in poultry products
This collection considers the importance of key quality attributes, such as colour, flavour, nutritional content and appearance on consumer purchasing decisions. Chapters review the methods available to optimise these attributes, including the use of breeding techniques and genetic control.
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Challenges and initiatives in reducing food losses and waste: united states
About a third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted from farm to fork. It is estimated that the average American household spends $1500 a year or more on food they never eat. This chapter highlights primary data that the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has collected in production-lev...
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Conservation agriculture in west and central canada: an integrated review of adoption
This chapter reviews the roles of farmers, organizations, researchers and policy all played in the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Canada. The chapter acknowledges the value of conversations the authors have had over the decades with farmers, academics, extension specialists and othe...
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The use of agricultural robots in crop spraying/fertilizer applications
Spraying pesticides is a main element of agriculture worldwide, since 30% to 35% of crop losses can be prevented when harmful insects and diseases are eliminated by applying pesticides. A robotic sprayer can help reduce pesticide application while removing the human operator from the hazardous pe...
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Advances in improving animal feed safety
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the main microbiological and chemical risks affecting animal feed, from bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli, to environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and flame retardants. The book also reviews the risks from natural toxins a...
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Modelling the effects of temperature and photoperiod on soybean reproductive development
It has long been recognized that the development rate and yield of soybean are sensitive to temperature and photoperiod. This chapter considers a range of experimental evidence concerning the precise effects of these factors on soybean reproductive development, and reviews ten diverse methods of ...
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The role of liming in improving soil health
Soil acidity is a threat to a healthy soil with far-reaching consequences, both direct and indirect, on soil chemical and physical properties, impacting the growth, health and composition of organisms growing in a soil and with potential for negative off-site impacts. All agricultural production ...
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The importance of agroforestry systems in supporting biodiversity conservation and agricultural production: a european perspective
Biodiversity has been declining steadily over the last decade causing large economic losses. Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system where woody perennials (trees or shrubs) are combined with agricultural production. Agroforestry is able to provide solutions to meet global strategies to inc...
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From data collection to decision support tools for the sustainable management of grasslands
This chapter describes the diversity of data available about grasslands, and how such data may be analysed and fuel a variety of tools in order to support grassland management decisions at farm and territory scales, with a focus on EU countries. Specific attention is then drawn to the case of sem...
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Field robots for plant phenotyping
The technology developed within the domain of plant phenotyping provides excellent data-driven tools for plant breeders to use in the collection and description of the relationship between genotyping and environmental factors. Field robots are emerging as sensor-mounted phenotyping platforms, whi...
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Understanding and minimising fungicide resistance
This collection reviews the wealth of research on understanding the development of fungicide resistance and preventative measures to limit the problem and its impact on effective control of crop diseases.
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Understanding pig behaviour
The behavioural patterns of domesticated pigs are well conserved from their ancestors. This suggests that the underlying motivational systems are similar to those of wild boar and feral domestic populations. This chapter describes how commercial conditions, whilst providing some welfare benefits,...
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Practice and benefits of conservation agriculture systems
This chapter discusses Conservation Agriculture as a basis for sustainable soil, land and natural resource management and production intensification. It reviews the process of transforming conventional systems into Conservation Agriculture systems and provides an overview of the main practices an...
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Breeding strategies to improve rice yields: an overview
This chapter examines three different major strategies designed to break the ‘yield barrier’ so that rice production keeps up with population growth: new ideotype breeding, heterosis and green super rice. The chapter shows that exploring the genetic diversity of wild Oryza species may lead to ide...
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Geographical patterns of food-purchasing behaviour: the example of sub-saharan africa
This chapter seeks to provide an overview of the multiplicity of factors that are shaping the food marketing and purchasing behaviours of consumers in SSA and the implications they carry for policy, strategy, and future research in the field. In terms of structure the discussions continue after t...
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Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: use of controlled atmosphere and temperature control
Oxygen depleted controlled or modified atmospheres (CA/MA) generated by a variety of different methods and alteration of temperature of stored cereals have been used successfully to replace fumigants for insect control and for the quality preservation of stored products. CA or MA have been used ...
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Advances in identifying and tracking malicious contamination of food in agri-food supply chains
This chapter is about the history of bio-warfare, and how biological and bio-chemical weapons were developed during the two World Wars and afterwards. There are examples of attacks to the food chain of entire communities with biochemical weapons by either single individuals or groups, and attacks...
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Sustainably meeting the nutrient requirements of grazing sheep
In order to be sustainable, sheep rearing systems must be sufficiently flexible to respond to variable conditions and feed availability. This chapter argues that sustainable sheep management works with the resources available at a given place or time and learns from the sheep themselves. The chap...
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Sustainable banana cultivation: from standards to multiple solutions
There is no single recipe for sustainable banana cultivation. Pest and disease management has been central to sustainability efforts, particularly in the export industry. The global and local spread of pathogens make the capacity to manage such threats a shared concern for leading banana exporter...
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Feed evaluation and formulation to maximise nutritional efficiency in dairy cattle
This chapter reviews the evaluation of energy and protein value of ruminants’ feedstuffs. It emphasises the importance of accurately estimating feeding values to optimise production. The chapter discusses experimental methods and models used to evaluate the energy and protein values of feeds. The...
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Advances in understanding health benefits of hazelnuts
Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are rich in fats, protein, valuable fibre content, phytonutrients and antioxidants such as vitamin E. The health benefits of hazelnut consumption arise from the synergic action of unsaturated fat or bioactive compounds including plant sterols and dietary fibre. Aft...
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Integrated management of tree fruit insect pests: drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila)
The vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly known as spotted winged drosophila (Fig. 1a) is a highly polyphagous invasive pest, native to Asia, which causes significant damage to a wide variety of berry and stone fruit crops. The chapter reviews the significant...
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Minor fungal diseases of banana
This chapter gives an overview of a number of minor diseases which affects bananas in different parts of the world. It gives an overview of the occurence, causal agent, key disease symptoms, host susceptibility and control of the the following diseases: Cordana leaf spot, Deightoniella leaf spot,...
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Tools and technologies to reduce fossil energy use on dairy farms
With a growing demand for milk and dairy products coupled with concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the sustainable use of on-farm energy resources is essential. Milk production requires electrical energy for powering plant equipment, liquid fuels for powering machinery, indirect energy f...
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Advances in remote sensing technologies for assessing crop health
Advances in crop health monitoring would help farmers use resources more efficiently and accurately. Higher-quality spatiotemporal information on changes in crop characteristics will enable more precise and timely management of crop health, by providing early indication of crop disease outbreaks ...
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Meeting amino acid requirements in pig nutrition
Protein is one of the major components of the pig’s body, and dietary protein is the sole source of essential amino acids required for the protein synthesis for body maintenance, growth and reproduction. The protein synthesis is limited when there is a deficiency of any amino acid, and it is ther...
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Key issues and challenges in disease surveillance in dairy cattle
This chapter provides an overview on the different aspects concerning disease surveillance programs. The chapter also describes a specific and conceptual framework related to disease surveillance of production diseases within the individual herd, including both animals and farmers. Regarding farm...
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The role of the joint food and agriculture organization/world health organization expert committee on food additives (jecfa) in food chemical risk assessment
JECFA is an international scientific expert committee administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (FAO, 2024). It has been meeting since 1956, to evaluate initially the safety of food additives. Currently, the C...
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Instant insights: optimising quality attributes in horticultural products
This book provides a detailed overview of the best practices and emerging technologies used to optimise the quality attributes of a range of horticultural products, ranging from tomatoes and mangoes, to cranberries and strawberries.
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Advanced breeding techniques for grain legumes in the genomics era
The challenge of grain legume production is to continue increasing productivity while reducing the significant seed yield gap between developed and developing countries/regions. Advanced breeding techniques play an important role in the era of genomics. This chapter describes the main grain legum...
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Drivers of farmers’ usage of digital marketplace platform: evidence from india
Online trading by farmers is a critical component of the agricultural supply chain. Perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness of a digital marketplace enhances trust and then farmers’ intention to use that digital marketplace. This study, by leveraging a mediation model, explores the usage d...
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Collection and evaluation of wild musa species
The genus Musa includes about 70 species distributed throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics from India, Southern China and Southern Japan in the north to Northern Australia in the south and the islands in the western Pacific Ocean. The haploid chromosome number in the subgenus Musa is 11 whi...
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Advances in breeding of pistachio
Pistacia vera L. (pistachio) has the only commercially important edible nuts in the genus, and wild species are used for rootstock. Breeding in pistachio is very slow, time-consuming and expensive due to very long juvenile period and the plant’s dioecious character. This chapter describes the obj...
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for sustainable crop production
Several functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions constitute the ecological services of the symbiosis which are the basis for their application as biostimulants. The bi-directional nutrient exchange between the mycorrhizal partners, the contribution of AM fungi to the quality of soils...
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Modelling crop growth and yield in palm oil cultivation
Since the development of the first semi-mechanistic oil palm model, OPSIM, the development of new oil palm models has increased in frequency, aiming to take into account aspects of oil palm physiology and the physical processes and causal relationships between the environment and the crop. This c...
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Improving water management in organic crop cultivation
Managing water for crop production requires capture and storage of water in the soil, which must also be protected from damage by raindrop impact and excess water. These actions ensure that the soil will benefit from increased organic matter content and be protected by harvest residues, living pl...
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Advances in pig nutrition
This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing the major challenges facing pig nutrition, including the need to meet the changing needs of animals as they grow whilst minimising environmentally-damaging nutrient losses, as well as improving feed conversion efficiency and finding more s...
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The nutritional value of red palm oil
There is a great deal of confusion regarding the nutritional value and health effects of palm oil. The controversy and conflicting views still continue on whether or not palm oil is atherogenic. Based on current evidence, it would appear that palm oil has both favourable and unfavourable effects....
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Sustainable production of willow for biofuel use
Intensively managed plantations of willow (Salix spp.) are gaining interest worldwide, mainly due to their efficient and sustainable land use along with an increasing demand for biofuel resources. Willows have traditionally been used as biofuel in the form of wood chips for direct combustion in h...
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Phytoremediation: advances in soil contaminant phytoextraction by accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants
Phytoextraction is the use of plants to remove heavy metal contaminants from agricultural soil and keeping the contaminants inside their own tissues. If the metal accumulator plants, particularly those called hyperaccumulator plants, that can accumulate relatively large quantities of the heavy me...
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Advances in irrigation management and technology in potato cultivation: experiences from a humid climate
For many farmers, irrigation is an essential component of potato production, serving to maximise yields and meet quality assurance targets for retailers and consumers. In recent years, rising costs for labour and energy (pumping) have led to considerable attention being given to improving on-farm...
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Soil health assessment and inventory: indices and databases
It is increasingly appreciated that the soil resource embodies significant natural capital supporting valuable ecosystem services, yet soil natural capital and ecosystem services are threatened by land degradation at the same time as they become more central to efforts to expand food production t...
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Developments in feed additive supplements for improved sheep nutrition and health and reduced enteric methane
Since the banning of antibiotic use in animal feeds in 2006 there has been much interest in supplementary feed additives to support animal production, efficiency and health. Furthermore, these supplements may offer the opportunity for reductions in enteric methane production. This chapter reviews...
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Optimizing the health of poultry layers
Commercial egg production is an important part of poultry production worldwide. Table egg production is facing times of change and transition with focus on animal well-being. Several major global trends have impacted egg production in many ways: 1) housing systems, 2) ban on beak treatments, 3) i...
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Alternative tillage production systems for cucurbit vegetables
Cultural production practices for some cucurbit crops have slightly changed over the last half-century to become more sustainable with less detrimental impacts on the soil and surrounding environment. Conservation tillage is one of these practices that is gaining acceptance since it conserves soi...
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Fescue aphid (metopolophium festucae)
The Fescue aphid or Grass aphid, Metopolophium festucae, is a pest of forage grasses, wheat, and other small grains in its native range in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe. It is an adventive pest in the Pacific Northwest, USA, several countries in South America, and in New Zealand. Infesta...
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Developments in defining management zones in precision agriculture
Crop yield is driven by the spatial and temporal interactions of soil, plant, atmosphere, pest, and diseases. Therefore, agronomic practices must be tailored to such variability. This management concept is embedded into the formal definition of Precision Agriculture. While technology has progress...
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Advancing a feminist intersectional lens in gender transformative work with women smallholder farmers
Gender Transformative Approaches (GTAs) are increasingly used in development research and practice as a way to transform constraining gender norms that limit smallholder women’s engagement in agrifood systems. The literature on GTAs underscores the need to consider diverse identities and experien...
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Plant genetic resources
This collection addresses the challenges of maintaining and benefitting from plant genetic diversity. Part 1 assesses ways of valuing and monitoring plant genetic diversity. Part 2 discusses advances in in-situ and ex-situ strategies for conserving plant genetic diversity. The final section revie...
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Advances in artificial intelligence (ai) for more effective decision making in agriculture
This chapter reviews developments in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to improve the functionality of decision support systems (DSS) in agriculture. It reviews the use of techniques such as data mining, artificial neural networks (ANN), Bayesian networks (BN), support vector mac...
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Conservation agriculture in eastern and southern africa
Conservation Agriculture (CA) works, by building the soil health basis for climate-proofing agriculture. As a low cost innovation that smallholders in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) can access and relate with, CA empowers smallholders to produce a surplus at minimal cost, which subsequently en...
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The use of farm-level models to assess the environmental impact of livestock production
In light of a changing climate, the international community is committed to taking action to reduce overall levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture will play an important role here given that agriculture and land use are responsible globally for around 24% of such greenhouse gas emissions...
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Reusing and recycling of food waste
This chapter reviews how food waste can be reused and recycled. It begins by providing a definition of ‘reuse’ and ‘recycling’ in terms of food waste and gives examples of ways of dealing with food waste, for example, disposal through landfill or incineration or recycling back into food productio...
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Developing polyphenols from agricultural wastes
Large volumes of organic waste are generated from growing, harvesting and processing crops. These organic bioresidues contain large quantities of diverse bioactive molecules, including phenolic compounds. These compounds have significant antioxidant and health-promoting properties. A more sustain...
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Developing decision support systems for crop yield forecasts
This chapter discusses existing yield forecasting systems in which the yield forecasts are driven by integration of different data sources, such as output of crop modeling, remote sensing and gridded climate datasets. It first provides overviews of the two predominant modeling approaches— crop si...
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Assessing the impact of pesticides on natural capital and biodiversity
Pesticides used prophylactically in intensive farming negatively affect non-target organisms, contributing to the acceleration of species extinction. This chapter considers key issues of pesticide toxicity that harm biodiversity and the natural world, including the adjuvant problem and the cockta...
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On-farm strategies for preventing pig diseases: improving biosecurity
Pigs are susceptible to a wide range of diseases that can affect health, welfare and productivity. The implementation of biosecurity measures along the production chain is one of the major solutions to minimize the risk of introduction of diseases into a farm (external biosecurity), as well as th...
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Approaches to ethics
This chapter describes the field of ethics and surveys the three main schools of thought in contemporary ethics: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. The main tenets of each theory are explained, with particular attention paid to how they might be applied to issues in agricultural and e...
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Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: canola/rapeseed
Since biodiesel has been commercialized and is widely adopted by the public, the demand for a sufficient and consistent supply of feedstock is the decisive factor for a sustainable biodiesel industry. Currently, rapeseed oil is the dominant feedstock for biodiesel production in Europe, while soyb...
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Weed management in conservation agriculture-based production of annual crops
This chapter reviews the benefits and use of cover crops in no-till (NT) cultivation systems such as Conservation Agriculture (CA) in order to control undesirable plants (‘weeds’) in different annual crop production systems, whilst minimizing the use of herbicides. It begins by situating use of c...
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Advances in assembling grna/cas9 constructs in genome editing of plants
This chapter reviews the principles of CRISPR cloning in binary vectors and the different methods and elements employed, including the nucleases alternative to Cas9. It pays special attention to modular cloning strategies and multiplexing tools as well as the engineering of expanded Cas activitie...
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Adoption of conservation agriculture in central asia
Up to date, scientific and practical experience of adopting CA systems and practices in Central Asia has been limited compared to other regions of the world. There is limited reliable data on CA adoption and spread and the uptake process except for Kazakhstan. The purpose of this chapter is to co...
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Prerequisites, procedures and potential of hybrid breeding in wheat
Hybrid wheat breeding offers great potential to deal with increasing demands for food and feed of future generations. Wheat hybrids possess substantial heterosis for grain yield and can combine disease resistance and quality traits with higher grain yield compared to line cultivars. Moreover, hyb...
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Modeling climate change impact on low-input smallholder farming systems
Smallholder farming systems face many adversities including poor soil fertility, poor access to inputs, and high dependence on climate variability. On top of that, ongoing climate change is expected to exacerbate the effect of abiotic and abiotic stresses on farm performances, and poses additiona...
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Role of the rumen microbiome in pasture-fed ruminant production systems
Global society is dependent on ruminant livestock to convert human indigestible plant matter into high quality dairy and meat food sources. This reliance on ruminants is a product of the symbiotic relationship between the ruminant and the rumen microbiome, which allows nutrition to be gained from...
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Nutritional properties and biological activity of lactose and other dairy carbohydrates
Lactose is the main carbohydrate in the milk of dairy animals; it is also the only dairy carbohydrate that is digested in the human small intestine. While lactose is digested by all human infants, it is conditionally digestible in human adults and its nutritional properties depend on the genetic ...
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Advances in irrigation and water management of turfgrass
Turfgrass is the single largest irrigated crop in the continental United States, however urban growth potential, potable water scarcity, limited annual precipitation, prolonged droughts, and food crops prioritization sets limits to the availability of water that can be allocated to turfgrass area...
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Advances in remote/aerial sensing of crop water status
This chapter examines advances in remote and aerial sensing of crop water status. The chapter first discusses the quantification of plant water status and the various methods used to assess plant water stress. It then moves on to examine the use of electromagnetic radiation and how it can interac...
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Geophysical methods to assess soil characteristics
This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application,...
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Instant insights: improving crop weed management
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on improving crop weed management.
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Integrated pest management (ipm) of nematodes
Limited and fragmented information is available about long-term research efforts that demonstrate the value and impact of integrated pest management to combat nematodes. This particularly applies to major cereal (maize, wheat and rice) and leguminous (peanut, soybean and sunflower) crops on which...
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Characterizing soil nitrogen availability to improve nitrogen fertilizer recommendations
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most common field production inputs in agriculture. It is necessary to achieve high productivity but threatens ecosystem integrity as it is readily transported to water bodies and emitted to the atmosphere. This chapter reviews a series of studies conducted b...
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Crop simulation model inter-comparison and improvement
Crop modeling is an integrated discipline of agricultural sciences that contributes to agricultural research, including the areas of agronomic management, precision agriculture, environmental impacts and externalities, input efficiency, managing climate variability and seasonal forecasting, breed...
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Integrating tree crops and livestock in silvopastoral systems
This chapter discusses the integration of livestock (or forage) production with tree crops, particularly fruit trees and vines. After reviewing the current extent of fruit tree-based agroforestry systems, the chapter highlights the opportunities this integration offers in increasing overall land ...
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Improving the environmental performance of pig and poultry production
Currently, pork and chicken account for nearly three-fourths of global meat consumption. With increasing concern for the environmental impacts associated with human activity, and due to the magnitude of the pork and poultry sectors, there is mounting pressure to meet the growing demand for these ...
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Genome-wide association studies (gwas) in barley
In recent years, the limiting factors for Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) in barley have shifted from the number of markers to the number of individuals, and to the deepness of phenotyping, particularly in field experiments of required size. Recent advances in methodology provide an increa...
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Energy-smart pig farming
Pig farming plays an important role in providing protein-rich food for consumers worldwide. Consumers increasingly are demanding food with diminishing negative impacts on the environment which encourages pig farmers to adopt renewable energy and more energy-efficient systems to reduce fossil fue...
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Advances in bioprotectants for plant disease control in horticulture
Microbial bioprotectants and natural substances have been increasingly available and implemented for disease management in horticultural crops. This chapter presents the status of registered products and their current insufficiency to fulfill farmers’ needs for disease control solutions. It hig...
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Genome sequencing and the rumen microbiome
Microbial genome sequencing has had an enormous impact on our understanding of many biological systems, including the identity, relationships and functions of the resident microbes of the rumen. The availability of genomic information has enhanced our understanding of metabolic activities these m...
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Understanding the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of sorghum
Sorghum is a globally grown cereal. Many sorghum varieties contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds with potential health benefits. With a growing interest in using diet as a preventative measure against chronic diseases, the benefits of sorghum need to be examined. This chapter discusses cu...
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Advances in turfgrass for athletic fields and sports pitches
This chapter examines advances in turfgrass breeding and genetics for the purpose of athletic fields and sports pitches. The chapter first discusses the most appropriate types of species and cultivar for this, focusing on how improvements can be made to both warm-season and cool-season turfgrass....
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Soil texture and structure: role in soil health
Soil texture is a major parameter in quantifying basic soil properties. Healthy soils are well aggregated and provide a continuous pore system with high surface accessibility. They are well aerated, contain sufficient plant available water and provide a reliable filter and buffer capacity. This c...
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Assessing the effects of using animal manure on soil health
This chapter reviews the impacts associated with the application of livestock and poultry manure on the ability of soil to deliver a range of ecosystem services that sustain plants, animals, people and the environment in which they live.
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Improving data management and decision support systems in agriculture
Part 1 reviews general issues underpinning effective decision support systems (DSS) such as data access, standards, tagging and security. Part 2 contains case studies of the practical application of DSS in areas such as crop planting and nutrition, livestock feed and pasture management as well as...
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Nutrient cycling in soils
Sustainable agricultural systems must enable profitable production of sufficient high-quality crops to meet human demands while simultaneously minimising off-site impacts. Though simple chemical equilibrium plays a part, nutrient cycling processes in soil are largely the outcome of biochemical pr...
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Emerging technologies to develop new forest products
Forest trees occupy a central place among lignocellulosic plants, in terms of both abundance of wood they produce each year and also generating a variety of other biological tissues. This chapter focusses on new processes and new applications of wood polymers, notably uses of lignins. The chapter...
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Understanding and preventing tail biting in pigs
Tail biting is a behavioural problem of pigs which is associated with welfare detriment for both the perpetrator and victim. It is seen to some extent on most farms worldwide and causes considerable economic loss, leading to widespread adoption of tail docking for risk reduction. Its occurrence ...
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