Access and benefit-sharing (ABS) is central to efforts to conserve biodiversity while ensuring that benefits from genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably. Yet the current bilateral model is becoming increasingly difficult to navigate. Rapid advances in genetic sequencing and related technologies add new challenges and expose its limitations. This volume asks how ABS can evolve to meet these changes. Bringing together leading perspectives on law, policy, and practice, it examines ways to strengthen bilateral governance and explores innovative multilateral approaches. It offers practical pathways towards an ABS regime that is more effective, equitable, adaptable, and fit for the future.