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Ancient Landmarks
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17 November 2026

What can today's evangelicals learn from the first fourteen centuries of church history?
In Ancient Landmarks, Leonardo De Chirico offers an engaging and accessible guide to the people, ideas and theological developments that have shaped Christianity from the second to the fourteenth century. Introducing readers to influential figures such as Augustine, Aquinas and the Cappadocian Fathers, he explores the debates that continue to shape the church today.
More than a historical survey, this book equips evangelicals to engage the early and medieval church with both appreciation and discernment. De Chirico argues that evangelical Christianity stands firmly within the historic Christian tradition while offering a thoughtful critique of later Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox developments.
Scholarly yet highly readable, Ancient Landmarks is an invaluable introduction to church history and historical theology for students, pastors and thoughtful Christians alike.
— Dr Clark R. Bates, Professor of New Testament, Forge Theological Seminary, South Carolina
"Martin Luther once said: "There is nothing so short as the Christian's memory." We have perhaps robbed ourselves of many blessings by neglecting the church fathers. Most Christians have little understanding of pre-Reformation history, yet there is so much to learn and appreciate (as well as some things to avoid). Leonardo De Chirico opens our eyes to the riches of this period. The contemporary reader can only be enlightened, refreshed and blessed by delving into this treasure-trove."
— Lindsay Brown, former General Secretary, IFES, and International Director, the Lausanne Movement
"In Ancient Landmarks, Dr De Chirico provides a concise overview of the history, people and major movements of patristic and medieval Christianity evaluated through the lens of Reformed evangelical convictions. A wealth of valuable information is presented in a succinct format, allowing for genuine diversity and development of thought. This book commends to its readers the importance of church history while at the same time avoiding the pitfalls of presenting the patristic period as uniform, infallible or essentially the same as Roman Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy. It will be especially welcome to evangelical readers for its coverage not just of the patristic period, but of the medieval church as well."
— Dr Michael Graves, Carl Armerding and Hudson T. Armerding Chair in Biblical Studies, Professor of Ol
"In this valuable book, Leonardo De Chirico does the church a great service by astutely engaging with the thought of the church in the patristic and medieval eras. Admirably fuelled by engagement with primary sources, and also interacting with a wide variety of contemporary Catholic and Protestant historians, De Chirico offers a unique benefit to those who will interact with his ideas. He not only traces the development of doctrine over a period of roughly 1,400 years. He also engages with the "rightness" and "wrongness" of those ideas from an explicitly Reformational Protestant perspective. This is the reason I will be using this book in my courses in the future."
— Shawn D. Wright, Professor of Church History, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Kentucky
Introduction
1. The Patristic Landscape (2nd-3rd centuries)
2. The dynamics of church life
3. Tendencies in apologetics
4. The consolidation of theological thought
5. The Golden Age of Patristic thought (4th-5th centuries)
6. The theology of the Cappadocians
7. Athanasius, the Alexandrian pillar of the church
8. Augustine, the teacher of all the churches
9. Historical and theological trajectories (6th-11th centuries)
10. Medieval theological debates
11. Developments in Eastern theology
12. Leading Byzantine theologians
13. Missionary impulses and missiological trends
14. Institutional changes and religious developments (12th-15th centuries)
15. Theology in the 12th Century
16. Two Theological Giants: Aquinas and Bonaventure
17. Transitions toward the modern age
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index of Names
Index of Biblical and Ancient Sources