This publication demonstrates how social perceptions of anti-Jewish pogroms were formed and highlights the significance of the 1906 Białystok pogrom in that process. At the same time, it constitutes an important contribution to the theory and methodology of pogrom studies. The author critically reassesses previous scholarship on the subject, examining the conditions under which it was produced. He offers a thorough analysis of the sources relating to the Białystok pogrom while using Białystok as a case study to explore broader phenomena and concepts, including the social conditions that enabled pogroms, their political and psychological repercussions, and the importance of personal relationships during these tragic events. The book emphasizes the active role of the Jewish community during the pogrom and highlights the interactive nature of anti-Jewish collective violence itself.