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From the Delaware River to the shores of Lake Erie, Pennsylvania's diverse watery habitats are home to more than 200 species of aquatic plants. In Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania: A Complete Reference Guide, botanists Timothy A. Block and Ann Fowler Rhoads have assembled the first identification guide specific to the Keystone State yet useful throughout the Mid Atlantic region. Organized and written in a way that will make information easily accessible to specialists and nonspecialists alike, the book highlights the diversity and vital ecological importance of this group of plants, providing photographs, illustrations, descriptions, and identification keys for all emergent, floating-leaved, and submergent aquatic plants found in the Commonwealth.
An introductory chapter on aquatic plant ecology covers topics such as evolution, form, and reproduction of aquatic plants, vegetation zones, types of aquatic ecosystems, and rare and endangered species. Information on invasive plants, such as Eurasian water-milfoil and curly pondweed, that threaten Pennsylvania's aquatic ecosystems will be especially useful to watershed organizations, citizen monitoring projects, lake managers, and natural resource agency personnel. An illustrated identification key guides the reader through a series of steps to properly identify a specimen based on its characteristics. Each of the more than 200 listings provides a plant's taxonomy, detailed description, distribution map, and expert botanical illustrations. Many also include color photographs of the plants in their natural habitats.
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Evolution and Ecology
—Evolution and Form of Aquatic Plants
—Role of Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems
—Types of Aquatic Ecosystems
—Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 2. Identification Keys for the Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania
—Key to Growth Habit Groups
—Key to Emergent Plants
—Key to Floating-leaf Plants
—Key to Thalloid or Tiny Floating Plants
—Key to Submergent Leafy-stemmed Plants
—Key to Submergent Rosette-forming Plants
—Key to Submergent Plants with Finely Divided Leaves
Chapter 3. Emergent Plants
—Arrow-arum, tuckahoe
—Arrowhead
—Beggar-ticks/bur-marigold
—Bulrush
—Bur-reed
—Cat-tail
—Chinese lobelia
—Flowering-rush
—Goldenclub
—Grasses
—Water horsetail
—Iris
—Lizard's-tail
—Mud-plantain
—Pickerel-weed
—Bayonet rush
—Smartweed
—Spike-rush
—Three-way sedge
—Twig-rush
—Water-hemp ragweed
—Water-horehound
—Water-parsnip
—Water-plantain
—Water-primrose
—Water-purslane
—Water-willow
—Watercress
Chapter 4. Floating-leaf Plants
—Floating-heart
—American lotus
—Water-chestnut
—European water-clover
—Water-lily
—Watershield
Chapter 5. Thalloid and/or Tiny Floating Plants
—Aquatic liverworts
—Charophyte algae
—Duckweed, watermeal, water-flaxseed, and bogmat
—Eastern mosquito fern
—Riverweed
Chapter 6. Submergent Leafy-stemmed Plants
—Aquatic mosses
—Hydrilla
—Pondweeds
—Water star-grass
—Waternymph, naiad
—Water-starwort
—Waterweed
—Waterwort
Chapter 7. Submergent Rosette-forming Plants
—Mudmat
—Pipewort
—Quillwort
—Water lobelia
—Water-celery, eel-grass
Chapter 8. Submergent Plants with Finely Divided Leaves
—Bladderwort
—Coontail, hornwort
—Fanwort
—Mermaid-weed
—Water-crowfoot
—Water-marigold
—Water-milfoil
Glossary
References and Sources
Appendix: Taxonomic List of Plants Included
Index