This book synthesizes over 40 years of field research in agriculture in developing countries across Asia including China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, The Philippines and Indonesia, as well as a chapter on high-tech urban farming in Singapore. It takes stock of agricultural development and transformation in the context of economic growth, offering a comprehensive review of development policies and major events at the country level. The policy-focused chapters feature case studies on vegetable, pepper, rubber, oil palm, and fish farming based on extensive field research. Central themes include the structural transformation of agriculture and rural areas, the implications of declining farm sizes, and the role of emerging technologies. The book also assesses growing global risks, in particular, those related to climate change, and concludes with an outlook on the future of rural Asia.