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Despite the wealth of empirical research currently available on the interrelationships of gender and labor, we still know comparatively little about the forms of classification and categorization that have helped shape these social phenomena over time. Categories in Context seeks to enrich our understanding of how cognitive categories such as status, law, and rights have been produced, comprehended, appropriated, and eventually transformed by relevant actors. By focusing on specific developments in France and Germany through a transnational lens, this volume produces insights that can be applied to a wide variety of political, social, and historical contexts.
“Together the chapters provide a stimulating and empirically rich analysis of the ways in which the public understanding of women’s work has changed in France and Germany, under the various pressures of societal change, economic change, and (shared) commitment to international norms.” • H-France Review
“Categories in Context is an impressive accomplishment in terms of unpacking, in rich detail, various categorizations of gender and labor, in terms of their construction, reconstruction, and, at times, deconstruction, in France and Germany since 1900.” • Contemporary Sociology
“Overall, this is a worthwhile collection, especially in bringing French and German studies of workplace equality into the same analytical frame. It should serve as an important reference point for anyone interested in histories of gender and employment from the twentieth century to the present day but will appeal especially to those with a background in sociological and statistical analysis.” • Labour History
“Categories in Context takes an innovative approach that provides an expansive understanding of economic citizenship in its gendered limits and possibilities. This collection is an important intervention in historicizing gendered workplace regimes and will be a worthy contribution to the field.” • Eileen Boris, University of California, Santa Barbara
“The research gathered here is extremely important and well done. It brings together leading experts to illuminate a critical area of gender politics through rich, empirical case studies.” • Amy Mazur, Washington State University
Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann is a sociologist and a member of the research faculty at the French National Center for Scientific Research.
List of Figures, Tables and Graphs
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Categories of Gender and Work in Context. Ways Toward a Research Agenda
Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, Olivier Giraud, Léa Renard, and Theresa Wobbe
PART I: SHIFTING CATEGORIES FROM A COMPARATIVE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Chapter 1. Making Sense of Women’s Labour in the Context of the French Family Business: From Domestic Labour to Recognized Work
Olivier Giraud
Chapter 2. The Grey Zones between Work and Non-work: Statistical and Social Placing of ‘Family Workers’ in Germany (1880 – 2010)
Léa Renard
Chapter 3. Night Work for Women in France in the Last Two Decades before 2000: Regulations, Discourse and Gender Issues
Michel Lallement
Chapter 4. ‘Women’s Factory Night Work’ in Germany: Changing Classification Schemes in Varying Environments, 1891-1994
Theresa Wobbe and Katja Müller
Chapter 5. Women on Company Boards in France: French Republican Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws Conflicting Logics (2006 - 2013)
Anne-Françoise Bender, Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, and Philippe Reigné
Chapter 6. Women on Company Boards in Germany: A Result of Constancy and Change in Gendered Categorizations (1980-2013)
Katja Müller
PART II: TRANS-NATIONAL INTERPLAY OF CATEGORIZATION
Chapter 7. Dynamics of Gendered Employment Regimes in France and Germany over the two last Decades: How can they be explained?
Arnaud Lechevalier
Chapter 8. ‘The Family's Economic Charm’ - Recent Reclassifications of Maternity, Employment, and Family in German Policy from a Historical-Sociological Perspective, 1900-2010
Theresa Wobbe, Maike Bussmann, Carolin Höroldt, and Léa Renard
Chapter 9. From Particular Protection to Universal Principles: Shifting Classifications of Employment Rights in the ILO, the EU, and German Labour Law, 1919 - 1988
Theresa Wobbe, Carolin Höroldt, and Maike Bussmann
Chapter 10. Negotiating the Boundaries of Equality at Work: Tensions about a Gendered Employment Norm in France and in the European Community (1914-2014)
Ferruccio Ricciardi
Index