This volume of the Chinese Research Perspectives on the Environment series is a translation of Environmental Security in China, which features contributions from top researchers from Chinese universities, including the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The ten articles following the introduction cover a range of environmental issues in four large categories with significant security implications: pollution, ecosystem deterioration, food and energy supply. In addition to long-standing environmental problems such as air, water and soil pollution, and grassland degradation, genetically modified (GM) foods, climate change and China’s energy dependence, which have taken on increasing urgency in recent years, are also discussed. Each chapter includes conceptual clarifications, historical overview, empirical analysis, case studies, international comparisons, and policy recommendations.