Jewish authoritative writings of the Second temple Period had to adopt to total different religious as well as political circumstances their adressees had to face. Inspired by the idea of Paul Kosmin, that the imposture of a total new imperial time regime by the Seleucid rulers provoked autochthonous reorientations in means of time and space, the contributions of this volume examine if this holds true to the writings that circulated during the contemporary Second Temple Period. The methodological approach for the examination is the concept of space-time, or chronotope, already developed by Michail Bakthin for 20^th century literature. Focusing on Judaism of the Second Temple turned out to be very fruitful, as we can distinguish between distinct religious-sociologically formed Jewish groups under different spatial conditions (for example “diaspora” vs. core land). They all produced literature in order to cope with the traumatizing experiences of the loss of sacred spaces as well as the transformation processes that, due to the loss of “Jerusalem” as the spatial anchor point, endangered their religious and national identity. Documents of so-called Hellenistic Judaism in the form of the Septuagint as well as of Palestinian Judaism, which becomes tangible in the texts of Qumran, or in the texts of Elephantine all show signs of increased interest in temporal and spatial orientation, remembering or adopting the already known, as well as inventing new anchor points as their special “chronotope”. In sum, by establishing their own chronotopes, Judaism in Persian and Hellenistic-Roman times gained resilience and developed strategies to redefine its own identity.