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Citrus pulp represents an important alternative feed for livestock in terms of quantity, nutritional characteristics, and bioactive compounds. It is a versatile by-product feed that can be fed fresh, dried and ensiled to ruminants and non-ruminants. Reusing citrus pulp as feed contributes to a circular economy and a reduction of feed-food competition. This chapter covers key aspects of using citrus pulp, including processing, nutrients content, bioactive compounds, research on use in different livestock species, limitations due to handling, hygiene and feeding risks, as well as gaps in knowledge and future research trends. These issues are key to optimising use of citrus pulp in sustainable livestock production.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Citrus production and global distribution
- 3 Citrus pulp as animal feed: processing methods, characteristics and nutritional value
- 4 Citrus pulp: bioactive compounds and functional properties
- 5 Research studies: ruminants
- 6 Research studies: non-ruminants
- 7 Limitations in using citrus pulp as animal feed
- 8 Conclusion and future trends
- 9 Where to look for further information
- 10 References