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Digitalization has transformed the discourse of architecture: that discourse is now defined by a wealth of new terms and concepts that previously either had no meaning, or had different meanings, in the context of architectural theory and design. Its concepts and strategies are increasingly shaped by influences emerging at the intersection with scientific and cultural notions from modern information technology. The series Context Architecture seeks to take a critical selection of concepts that play a vital role in the current discourse and put them up for discussion.
When Vitruvius described the architect as a "uomo universale," he gave rise to the architect’s conception of him- or herself as a generalist who shapes a complex reality. The architectural concept of complexity, however, failed to keep pace with industrial and social reality, becoming instead an increasingly formal and superficial notion that could ultimately be applied to almost anything.
Against it, architectural modernism set the watchword of simplification: "less is more." In this situation, Robert Venturi reintroduced the notion of complexity into architectural discourse: his goal was not just to restore the complexity of architectonic forms and their history but also to explore the concrete reality of the existing built environment.
Today it is complexity studies, with their starting point in physics, that define the current approach to the concept of complexity. They have established a new connection between the natural sciences and information technology and have thus become a central premise of computer-based approaches to design.
Andrea Gleiniger, Kunst- und Architekturhistorikerin, ZHdK; Georg Vrachliotis, Architekt und Architekturtheoretiker, ETH Zürich.
Andrea Gleiniger & Georg Vrachliotis, Editorial
Robert Venturi, Complexity and Contradiction: Introduction to my MFA Thesis
Denise Scott Brown, Complexity and Context
Andrea Gleiniger, Das schwierige Ganze oder die (Wieder)Entdeckung der Komplexität in der Architektur
Georg Vrachliotis, Poppers Mückenschwarm. Architektur, Kybernetik und die Operationalisierung von Komplexität
Kostas Terzidis, Algorithmic Complexity: Out of Nowhere
Klaus Mainzer, Komplexität. Strategien ihrer Gestaltung in Natur, Gesellschaft und Architektur
Johann Feichter, Komplexität und Klima
Clemens Bellut, «Ach, Luise, laß ... das ist ein zu weites Feld» – oder der Gordische Knoten der Komplexität
Appendix: Literaturverzeichnis, Bildnachweis, Biografien der AutorInnen