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During the past decade, Syria’s displacement crisis has made the Middle East one of the world’s foremost refugee-hosting regions. The measures to prevent refugees and migrants from leaving the region, and returning those who do, has made the region a zone of containment where millions remain displaced. The volume explores responses to mass migration and traces the genealogy of humanitarian containment from the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the first refugee camps to the present-day displacement ‘crises’ and the re-bordering of Europe.
“Overall, this book offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of the politics of containment in the Middle East, providing an analytical framework that can prove valuable in understanding similar dynamics in other regions. With its inter- disciplinary approach, the book appeals not only to migration scholars but also to urban anthropologists and policymakers. Throughout the book, the editors ensure a logical and seamless flow of arguments, helping readers better understand the various elements of humanitarian containment discussed in each chapter.” • Migration and Society
Are John Knudsen is Research Professor at the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) and an International Fellow at the Institut Convergences Migrations (ICM), Paris. Knudsen specializes on forced displacement, camp-based and urban refugees in the Middle East, in particular Lebanon.
List of Figures
Foreword
Michel Agier
Introduction: Continental Encampment: Genealogies of Humanitarian Containment in the Middle East and Europe
Are John Knudsen and Kjersti G. Berg
Chapter 1. An Imperial Lens on Refuge in Greater Syria: Antecedents to Contemporary Humanitarian Practices
Dawn Chatty
Chapter 2. The Global Origins of the Modern Refugee Camp: Military Humanitarianism and Colonial Occupation at Baquba, Iraq, 1918–1920
Benjamin Thomas White
Chapter 3. A Necessary Evil: A History of Palestinian Refugee Camps, UNRWA and Jordan (1950-1970)
Kjersti G. Berg
Chapter 4. Contained at the Margins: Syrian Refugees’ Settlement Experience in Northern Jordan
Kamel Doraï and Pauline Piraud-Fournet
Chapter 5. Iraqi Refugees in Syria, 2003-2011: The Emergence of UNHCR-led Migration Management in the Levant
Sophia Hoffmann
Chapter 6. Four Buildings and a Bungalow: Architectures of Containment in Sabra, Beirut
Are John Knudsen
Chapter 7. Turkey’s Biopolitical Buffer Zones and the Temporalities of Containment
Rebecca Bryant
Chapter 8. Journeys Interrupted: The Labyrinthine Border Experience Along the Balkan Route
Synnøve Kristine Nepstad Bendixsen
Chapter 9. Humanitarian Lampedusa and the Theatralisation of Crisis
Antonio De Lauri
Afterword
Thomas Hylland Eriksen
Index