Cover cropping, the intentional planting of non-crop plants, is a sustainable and eco-friendly pest management strategy. This chapter explores the ecological mechanisms, benefits, and challenges of using cover crops to control arthropod pests in annual and perennial cropping systems. The authors discuss key management practices such as mowing, irrigation, and termination, along with strategies like flowering insectary plants and trap cropping to illustrate how cover crops support natural enemies and suppress pest populations. A case study from citrus orchards in southern California highlights large-scale trials assessing the impact of flowering cover crops and hydrogel ant baits on natural enemies, pestiferous ants, and hemipteran pests. While cover cropping presents a biodiversity-driven approach to pest control, its effectiveness depends on a combination of ecological factors and implementation strategies. Future research should refine best practices, integrate new monitoring technologies, analyze economic benefits, and improve farmer outreach to enhance adoption and long-term sustainability.