What became of Advaita Vedānta after its classical age? This book uncovers the flourishing, largely unstudied world of pandits from the Kaveri delta who kept this celebrated tradition intellectually alive between the eighteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. Drawing on unpublished Sanskrit manuscripts and rare printed editions, this groundbreaking study reveals how pandits debated rival schools, revisited their tradition’s legacy, and reimagined core doctrines, often with striking originality. Rewriting the intellectual history of late Advaita Vedānta, the book challenges long-standing narratives of Sanskrit scholarship’s decline and offers a fresh vision of modern Vedānta that gives voice to its traditional scholars.