Physical weed control is the key method for reducing negative impacts of weeds in organic cropping systems, and remains important even on many conventional vegetable farms. Inter-row cultivation is generally effective, but controlling intra-row weeds remains a challenge. Well-timed use of torsion, finger and tine weeders can control intra-row weeds, with impressive efficacy observed when the tools are combined or ‘stacked’. However, selectivity of intra-row tools depends in part on maintenance of a size differential between crops and weeds, which is particularly challenging in slow-growing, direct-seeded crops. Recent advances in GPS and camera-based guidance system technologies permit high working rates, and increasingly precise, close-to-the-row tool adjustment. Innovative tool design, parameter-based values for adjustment and choice of tool, and advances in mechanistic understanding of weed seedling mortality and crop injury could elevate physical weed control to a level of performance farmers have grown to expect from modern herbicides.