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Left unfinished at his death, Peter Kropotkin’s two-volume work on ethics is a rejection of both divine command and the moral dictates of a ruling class. Kropotkin roots ethical life in something far older and more universal: the mutual aid practices that allow social species to survive.
Origin and Development, the first volume, has been out of print since its original 1924 English translation. In this work, Kropotkin explains why a new approach to thinking about ethics is needed and what the social and natural bases are on which this new ethics can be built. He engages with the long history of ethical theory in Europe, offering critical readings of figures from Plato to Robert Owen.
Introduction by the Russian Editor
Chapter 1: The Present Need of Determining the Bases of Morality
Chapter 2: The Gradually Evolving Bases of the New Ethics
Chapter 3: The Moral Principle in Nature (17th and l8th Centuries) (continued)
Chapter 4: Moral Conceptions of Primitive Peoples
Chapter 5: Development of Moral Teachings — Ancient Greece
Chapter 6: Christianity — The Middle Ages — The Renaissance
Chapter 7: Development of Moral Teachings in the Modern Era (17th and 18th Centuries)
Chapter 8: Development of Moral Teachings in the Modern Era (17th and l8th Centuries) (continued)
Chapter 9: Development of Moral Teachings in the Modern Era (End of 18th century and beginning of 19th century)
Chapter 10: Development of Moral Teachings — XIX Century
Chapter 11: Development of Moral Teachings — XIX Century (continued)
Chapter 12: Development of Moral Teachings — XIX Century (continued)
Chapter 13: Development of Moral Teachings — XIX Century (concluded)
Chapter 14: Conclusion