This edited volume puts the spotlight on the socioeconomic, financial and political challenges provoked by territorial fiscal inequalities in federal systems and the diversity of mechanisms created by the different federations in confronting or mitigating its adverse consequences. The main goal of the book is to study the state of the question of territorial inequalities and fiscal equalisation systems in federal and decentralised countries after the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 health crisis. The volume combines theoretical approaches with case studies and involves scholars from various disciplines in order to provide a comprehensive view of the issue.