This chapter reviews the extent and causes of food loss and waste (FLW) in cereal grains and the rationale for reducing FLW in these staple crops. It also looks at ways of preventing post-harvest losses through methods such as: maintaining optimum grain moisture content, the use of modified and controlled atmospheres, diatomaceous earth and other materials, synthetic insecticides and biopesticides, hermetic storage systems and insect-resistant crop varieties.