This is a print on demand publication. From 1975-1978, the Rift Valley Research Mission in Ethiopia recovered the most diverse collection of elephantoids known from a single area, from the Middle Awash Valley in the southwestern Afar Depression. This report describes in detail the elephantoids from the middle Awash region, from the pre-Hadar Adu-Asa & Sagantole formations to the post-Hadar Matabaietu & Wehaietu formations. It also reports on the fossil elephants from the Hadar Formation itself & notes elephantoids collected from deposits north of Hadar & south of the Middle Awash (the Chorora region). Also, this study describes the relationships of the Awash “Anancus” to other “Anancus” in Africa, & to other late surviving “gomphotheres.” Extensive illustrations.