The genus Boswellia, also known as frankincense, belongs to the Burseraceae family. This genus is cultivated in Africa (Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya), southern Arabia (Oman and Yemen) and India. Frankincense exudes from the bark of the Boswellia tree in the form of 'tears' after a series of incisions. Human civilisation has a long history of using frankincense, which has been used for various purposes throughout the ages. Its pleasant aroma has made it popular since ancient times for use in temple rituals, as a perfume base, and for medicinal purposes. This book highlights the applications of frankincense in traditional and modern medicine, and includes:Historical aspects, traditional and modern uses of frankincense. Boswellic acids. Frankincense nanoparticles and applications. Frankincense in perfumery. Sustainable production of frankincense: Frankincense economy and trade. It is suitable for researchers in medicinal plants, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, botany and ecology, and herbal medicine practitioners.