The Western Balkans, currently in the EU accession process, present a unique case for potential GDPR adequacy decisions. The book analyses the concept of the “Brussels Effect” and the GDPR’s global influence. It offers a comprehensive comparison of data protection frameworks in the region, focusing on GDPR alignment and prospects for adequacy decisions under Art. 45 GDPR. It evaluates both the formal alignment with the GDPR and the practical implementation, including enforcement and case law. The study examines the GDPR’s adoption or replication in national laws, raising concerns about legal certainty and effectiveness. The study also examines the challenges to effective data protection posed by new technologies, particularly from China (“Beijing Effect”). Drawing on existing adequacy decisions, it offers concrete recommendations for the Western Balkans. Finally, it situates the region’s adequacy prospects within the wider context of EU enlargement and broader political dependencies.