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Between May and July 1944, over 440,000 Jews were deported from the Hungarian provinces to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, where 330,000 perished. Gendarmes, Bureaucrats, and Jews offers a fresh perspective on these events, examining not only the Nazi regime but also the complicity of the Hungarian state, particularly its Gendarmerie, in facilitating these deportations. This book presents for the first time in English the essential, unabridged, primary sources on the concentration, ghettoization, and deportation of Hungarian Jews. Of particular significance are progress reports of Gendarmerie Lieutenant Colonel László Ferenczy, Hungary’s liaison to Adolf Eichmann, and the previously unpublished reports from two cities, Ungvár and Szolnok. These documents provide crucial insight into one of the darkest chapters in European history, making this book a much-needed chronicle of the Holocaust.
“This documentary reader makes accessible to non-Hungarian readers […] a well chosen set of documents that captures the events of the so-called ‘last chapter’ of the Holocaust: the rapid ghettoization and deportation of over 400,000 Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz Birkenau in the spring and summer of 1944.” • Tim Cole, University of Bristol
Judit Fejes Schulmann holds a PhD in twentieth-century Hungarian and European history from the Lajos Kossuth University in Debrecen, Hungary. After working as a research historian at the History Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, she subsequently investigated war crimes committed during World War II as a researcher in the Office of Special Investigations of the U.S. justice department, a position she held for twenty-four years until she retired.
List of Illustrations
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Notes on Text
Notes on Translations
Place Names
Abbreviations
List of Documents
Document Sections:
The German Occupation
Document 1
Hungarian Preparations
Document 2–36
German Preparations for Ghettoization and Deportation
Documents 37–50
Hungarian Documents on Ghettoization and Deportation
Documents 51–69
German Documents on Ghettoization and Deportation
Documents 70–78
Suspension: Hungarian Documents
Documents 79–88
Suspension: German Documents
Documents 89–99
Conclusion
Appendix I: "Košice List" — Deportation Trains Registered When Passing Through the Border Town of Košice from Hungary to Slovakia
Appendix II: "Glaser List" — The Glaser List of Hungarian Special Trains arriving in Auschwitz-Birkenau, 16 May – 20 September 1944
Appendix III: Dramatis personæ
Appendix IV: Chronology Appendix V: Document Finding Aid
Bibliography
Index of Persons and Place Names