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Informed by current scholarship and richly illustrated with full-color photographs and maps, Greater Philadelphia and the Nation and its companion volumes The Greater Philadelphia Region and Greater Philadelphia and the World bring to the public an up-to-date, diverse history of Philadelphia across its many dimensions.
This visually stunning reference—assembled by the editorial team of the online Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia—begins with Philadelphia’s role during the American Revolution, as the nation’s first capital until 1800, and as home to one of the North’s largest free African American communities in the Antebellum period. From the Civil War to woman suffrage, from the Lenape people to the Gray Panthers, from Black Power to Occupy Philadelphia, the book chronicles the ongoing dynamics of citizenship and nationhood as they unfolded in the Philadelphia region from the eighteenth through the twenty-first centuries.
The book is arranged thematically, with chapters containing:
· Historical accounts of the events leading up to and during the Revolution, as well as how it continues to be remembered in parks, institutions, and national celebrations;
· A chronicle of the journey the region took from enslavement to freedom, from the Underground Railroad to the Pennsylvania Emancipation Exposition, from the Mother Bethel AME Church to the Civil Rights movement, and beyond;
· A review of the many ways the Philadelphia area defends the nation, including armories, the Navy Yard, and veterans’ organizations;
· An overview of the region’s innovations in banking, communications, and transportation, as well as its contributions to American popular culture.
Each chapter also features an “Explore More” section that provides opportunities for further reading and research, including places to visit and sites to investigate, to encourage discovery beyond the book’s pages.
From the Revolution and rebellions of early America to the violent riots of the nineteenth century to the nonviolent protests of the twenty-first, Greater Philadelphia and the Nation demonstrates how Philadelphia, and its periphery across southeastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, and northern Delaware, create, challenge, and sustain the nation.
— The Philadelphia Citizen
Charlene Mires is Professor of History at Rutgers University-Camden and Editor-in-Chief of The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Her books include Independence Hall in American Memory, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Jean R. Soderlund is Professor of History Emeritus at Lehigh University. Her books include Lenape Country: Delaware Valley Society Before William Penn, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Preface
Charlene Mires xiii
Chapter 1 CHALLENGING THE NATION’S PARADOX : FREEDOM SEEKERS AND ENTREPRENEURS
Jean R. Soderlund 1
Chapter 2 A NATION’S PAST, THE REGION’S LEGACY
Charlene Mires 7
Chapter 3 NATION FOUNDED
Introduction 13
Revolutionary Crisis by Shannon E. Duffy 15
Crowds (Colonial and Revolutionary Eras) by Toni Pitock 18
Continental Congresses by Michael Karpyn 20
Common Sense by John Saillant 21
Declaration of Independence by Michael Karpyn 23
Loyalists by Shannon E. Duffy 26
Native Americans in the Revolutionary Era by Jean R. Soderlund 28
Trenton and Princeton Campaign (Washington’s Crossing) by Stuart Leibiger 30
Philadelphia Campaign by Jennifer Lawrence Janofsky 32
British Occupation of Philadelphia by Martha K. Robinson 35
Fort Wilson by David Reader 37
Ladies Association of Philadelphia by Jacqueline Beatty 38
Articles of Confederation by Michael DiCamillo 39
Constitutional Convention of 1787 by Stuart Leibiger 41
Explore More 44
Chapter 4 NATION’S CAPITAL
Introduction 47
Capital of the United States (Selection of Philadelphia) by Hillary S. Kativa 48
U.S. Congress by Coxey Toogood 52
U.S. Presidency by Stuart Leibiger 54
U.S. Supreme Court by Laura Michel 57
Bank of North America by Robert F. Smith 59
First Bank of the United States by Jordan AP Fansler 60
Whiskey Rebellion Trials by Patrick Grubbs 62
Alien and Sedition Acts by Nathaniel Conley 63
Fries Rebellion by Patrick Grubbs 65
“Hail, Columbia” by Jack McCarthy 66
Explore More 68
Chapter 5 REVOLUTION REMEMBERED
Introduction 71
Independence Hall by Charlene Mires 72
The Liberty Bell by Gary B. Nash 75
Valley Forge by Siobhan Fitzpatrick 78
Lafayette’s Tour by Charlene Mires 79
Constitution Commemorations by Hillary S. Kativa 81
Centennial Exhibition by Stephanie Grauman Wolf 83
Sesquicentennial International Exposition by Martin W. Wilson 86
Bicentennial by Madison Eggert-Crowe and Scott Gabriel Knowles 90
1776 by Alexandra Jordan Thelin 92
National Parks by Seth C. Bruggeman 93
Museum of the American Revolution by Virginia Mulligan 96
National Constitution Center by Mabel Rosenheck 98
Explore More 102
Chapter 6 CONTRADICTIONS OF ENSLAVEMENT AND SERVITUDE
Introduction 105
Enslavement by James Gigantino 106
Indentured Servitude by Jean R. Soderlund 109
Abolitionism by Richard S. Newman 111
Escape, Vigilance, and the Underground Railroad by Beverly C. Tomek 112
Christiana Riot Trial by James Kopaczewski 116
Pennsylvania Emancipation Exposition (1913) by Charlene Mires 117
National Freedom Day by Charlene Mires 118
Explore More 120
Chapter 7 CAPITAL OF BLACK AMERICA
Introduction 123
Free Black Communities by Andrew Diemer 124
African American Migration Since 1820 by James Wolfinger 128
Free African Society by Elise Kammerer 130
Mother Bethel AME Church: Congregation and Community by Ricardo Howell 131
National Colored Convention Movement by Lucien Holness 134
Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens by David Reader 135
The Philadelphia Negro by Steven McGrail 137
African American Museum in Philadelphia by Mabel Rosenheck 138
Explore More 142
Chapter 8 CONTESTING AND EXPANDING THE NATION
Introduction 145
Bank War by Andrew T. Tremel 147
Riots of the 1830s and 1840s by Patrick Grubbs 148
Civil War by Theodore Zeman 150
United States Colored Troops by Lucien Holness 155
Civil War Museum of Philadelphia by Mabel Rosenheck 157
Woman Suffrage and Women’s Rights by Tamara Gaskell and Jean R. Soderlund 160
Civil Rights (African American) by James Wolfinger and Stanley Arnold 165
Black Power by Holly Genovese 169
Lenape People (Continuing Presence) by Matthew J. Soderblom 170
Civil Rights (LGBT) by Dan Royles 172
Civil Rights (Persons with Disabilities) by Charlene Mires 177
American Civil Liberties Union by Will Caverly 178
Gray Panthers by Emily Krichbaum 179
Occupy Philadelphia by John E. Smith III 180
Black Lives Matter by Gwendolyn Fowler 182
Explore More 184
Chapter 9 DEFENDING THE NATION
Introduction 189
Civil Defense by Sarah E. Robey 190
Veterans and Veterans’ Organizations by Robert J. Kodosky 192
Forts and Fortifications by Jeffery M. Dorwart 196
Military Bases by Melissa Ziobro 201
Philadelphia Navy Yard by Jim Saksa 203
National Guard by William V. Bartleson 206
Armories by Jean-Pierre Beugoms 209
Arsenals by Jean-Pierre Beugoms 211
Explore More 214
Chapter 10 THE REGION’S REACH TO THE NATION
Introduction 217
Postal Services by Charlene Mires 218
Political Party Origins by Brian Hendricks 226
Political Conventions by Daniel T. Kirsch 228
Insurance by Hannah Farber 232
Banking by Michael A. Martorelli 235
United States Mint (Philadelphia) by Stephen Burciaga 238
Printing and Publishing by James J. Wyatt 240
Almanacs by Kelli Billings 244
Book Publishing and Publishers by Ann K. Johnson 246
Railroad Industry by John Hepp 248
Telegraphy by Lucy Davis 252
Telephones by Lucy Davis 252
Radio by Vibiana Bowman Cvetkovic 256
Television by Vibiana Bowman Cvetkovic 260
Explore More 264
Chapter 11 PHILADELPHIA IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE
Introduction 267
“I’d Rather Be in Philadelphia” by Charlene Mires 268
Philadelphia in Popular Music by Jack McCarthy 269
Feature Films by Jake Blumgart 275
The Philadelphia Story by Joanna Kolendo 277
Television Shows About Philadelphia by Megan C. McGee Yinger 278
American Bandstand by Jordan McClain and Amanda McClain 280
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia by Cody Schreck 282
Sports Teams (Major Leagues) by Roger D. Simon 283
Sports Mascots by Ed Moorhouse 288
Rocky by Laura M. Holzman 291
Explore More 294
Contributors 297
Subject Index 301
Place Index 315
Biographical Index 321
Acknowledgments 331