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Informed by current scholarship and richly illustrated with full-color photographs and maps, Greater Philadelphia and the World and its companion volumes The Greater Philadelphia Region and Greater Philadelphia and the Nation bring to the public an up-to-date, diverse history of Philadelphia across its many dimensions.
This visually stunning reference—assembled by the editorial team of the online Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia—reveals the influence of empires and nations on Greater Philadelphia while also emphasizing the dynamic role the region and its people have played in shaping the modern world. The book illuminates the relationship between the Delaware Valley and the Atlantic basin, from British colony to commercial center and immigration hub to a crucible of revolutionary conflict over liberty and enslavement. It shows how the Greater Philadelphia region grew into an industrial behemoth that drew migrants and exiles, not only from Europe but also from Asia, Africa, and across the Americas, and how it became a political, intellectual, and cultural beacon to other New World republics. Greater Philadelphia and the World highlights the exchanges throughout the Pacific World—of industry, people, and ideas—that also helped make Philadelphia the city it became.
The book is arranged thematically, with chapters containing:
· Histories of various waves of immigration from around the world across multiple centuries and the ways in which their impacts continue to be visible in the region today;
· Explorations of the world religions that took root in the region;
· An overview of the environmental factors, from hurricanes to pollution, that contribute to the region’s changing demographics as well as the epidemics and public health emergencies, from cholera to COVID;
· A survey of the institutions, practices, movements, and industries that have been shaped by global developments and, in turn, contribute to worldwide advancements in knowledge, commerce, and activism—from universities to international peace movements and from labor unions to global industries;
· Historical accounts of the military conflicts—local, regional, national, and global—that had an effect on the evolution of the Greater Philadelphia region and in which the region and its citizens played a part.
Each chapter also features an “Explore More” section that provides opportunities for further reading and research, including places to visit and sites to investigate, to encourage discovery beyond the book’s pages.
Exploring the immigrants who peopled the Delaware Valley, the faiths they practiced, the environment they shaped, the wars they waged, and the global connections they forged, Greater Philadelphia and the World reveals a city and its surroundings that has been continually molded by its links to the Atlantic, the Americas, and the Pacific.
— Elaine Maimon
Preface
Charlene Mires xiii
Chapter 1 ATLANTIC WORLD
Evan Rothera 1
Chapter 2 THE AMERICAS
Molly Nebiolo 13
Chapter 3 PACIFIC WORLD
Lawrence H. Kessler 21
Chapter 4 IMMIGRATION AND CULTURE
Introduction 29
Colonial Immigration and Migration by Marie Basile McDaniel 31
Philadelphia Pepper Pot by Theresa Altieri Taplin 36
Scrapple by Mary Rizzo 38
Immigration, 1790–1860 by James Bergquist 39
Lazaretto by Lance Eisenhower 43
Colonization Movement (Africa) by John Saillant 45
Nativism by James Kopaczewski 56
Nativist Riots of 1844 by Zachary M. Schrag 48
Immigration, 1870–1930 by Barbara Klaczynska Schmidt 50
Italian Market by Helen Tangires 57
Chinatown by Kathryn Wilson 59
Fabric Row by Danielle Podwats D’Amelio 62
Octavia Hill Association by Anne E. Krulikowski 63
Settlement Houses by Rosina McAvoy Ryan 65
Mummers by Christian DuComb 68
Immigration, 1930 to Present by Daniel Amsterdam and Domenic Vitiello 69
Cheesesteaks by Dianna Marder 75
Nationalities Service Center by Andrew McNally 78
ODUNDE Festival by Christina Afia Harris 80
Explore More 82
Chapter 5 WORLD RELIGIONS
Introduction 85
Society of Friends (Quakers) by Isaac Barnes May 86
Protestantism by R. Scott Hanson 90
Catholicism by Elizabeth Hayes Alvarez 97
Judaism by Reena Sigman Friedman 101
Islam by David M. Krueger 106
Buddhism by Tehyun Ma 110
Hinduism and Sikhism by Saanika Jeet Dhillon 113
Explore More 116
Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENT
Introduction 119
Earthquakes by Megan C. McGee Yinger 121
Hurricanes and Tropical Storms by Megan C. McGee Yinger 122
Meteorology by Jessica Linker 124
Pollution by Stephen Nepa 127
Garbage Barge (Khian Sea) by Mark Jaffe 130
Environmental Movement by Alexandra L. Straub 132
Explore More 136
Chapter 7 EPIDEMICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Introduction 139
Yellow Fever by Simon Finger 141
Cholera by John B. Osborne 142
Typhoid Fever and Filtered Water by Steven J. Peitzman 144
Influenza Pandemic, 1918–19 by Thomas Wirth 148
Legionnaires’ Disease by Dan Royles 150
AIDS and AIDS Activism by Dan Royles 151
Coronaviruses by Timothy Kent Holliday 153
Explore More 156
Chapter 8 NETWORKS OF KNOWLEDGE, SERVICE, AND ACTIVISM
Introduction 159
Scientific Societies by Jessica Linker 161
Colleges and Universities by Andrew Heath 162
Bartram’s Garden by Sarah Chesney 167
Coffeehouses by Michelle Craig McDonald 169
Prisons and Jails by Annie Anderson 172
Lewis and Clark Expedition by Luke Willert 175
Anatomy and Anatomy Education by Christopher Willoughby 176
Academy of Natural Sciences by Matthew A. White 178
Missionaries by Gretchen E. Boger 180
Scientific Management by Daniel Sidorick 183
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology by Mabel Rosenheck 186
Commercial Museum by Grace Schultz 188
American Friends Service Committee by Guy Aiken 190
International Peace Mission Movement and Father Divine by Leonard Norman Primiano 192
United Nations World Capital by Charlene Mires 194
Sullivan Principles by Molly Roth 196
Explore More 198
Chapter 9 COMMERCE, INDUSTRY, AND LABOR
Introduction 201
Delaware River Ports by Peter Seibert 203
Airports by Demian Larry 207
China Trade by Dael A. Norwood 209
General Trades’ Union Strike by Patrick Grubbs 211
Knights of Labor by Patrick Grubbs 211
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) by Peter Cole 213
March of the Mill Children by Gail Friedman 214
Shirtwaist Strike, 1909–10 by Julianne Kornacki 215
AFL-CIO by Francis Ryan 216
Aeronautics and Aerospace Industry by Hillary S. Kativa 220
Carpet Weaving and Rug Making by Philip Scranton 222
Chemical Industry by John Kenly Smith Jr. 224
Food Processing by Daniel Sidorick 226
Garment Industry by Christina Larocco 231
Locomotive Manufacturing by John Hepp 235
Machining and Machinists by Robert F. Smith 237
Paints and Varnishes by Augustin Cerveaux 241
Pharmaceutical Industry by Jack McCarthy 243
Recording Industry by Charles Hardy III 246
Refineries (Oil) by Carola Hein 250
Saws and Saw Making by Jack McCarthy 253
Shipbuilding and Shipyards by Jeffery M. Dorwart 255
Textile Manufacturing by Jack McCarthy 259
Deindustrialization by David Elesh 263
Explore More 268
Chapter 10 WORLD AT WAR
Introduction 271
Seven Years’ War by James R. McIntyre 272
Pontiac’s War and the Paxton Boys by Michael Goode 274
French Revolution by David Reader 276
Haitian Revolution by Paul Campbell 278
Spanish American Revolutions by Monica Henry 279
Quasi-War by Nathaniel Conley 280
War of 1812 by Paul Campbell 281
Mexican-American War by William V. Bartelson 283
Spanish-American War by Paul A. Kopacz 286
World War I by Jacob Downs 289
World War II by Herbert Ershkowitz 291
Cold War by Robert J. Kodosky 296
Korean War by Levi Fox 300
Vietnam War by Nicholas Trajano Molnar 301
Gulf Wars by Andrew Heath 303
War in Afghanistan by Robert J. Kodosky 307
Explore More 310
Contributors 313
Subject Index 319
Place Index 333
Biographical Index 339
Acknowledgments 347