Intended to help readers become better informed about logic, this guide considers the relationships between reason, thought, and the external world. Hoping to recruit more independent thinkers, the authors discuss how logic and belief relate to one another and offer a non-traditional perspective on traditional fallacies. With a consideration of famous and lesser-known logical systems, including those of Aristotle, Hegel, and John Dewey—as well as modern logic based on mathematics—this discussion illustrates how the ways that people reason about the world presuppose much about that world.