This chapter provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in wheat cultivation. IPM uses biological, cultural and chemical methods in a compatible way. A wide variety of biological control agents contribute to pest control in wheat and successful IPM strategies require looking at the system as a whole, rather than treating pest problems in isolation. The New Zealand-based participatory project outlined as a case study emphasises how direct access to experts by farmers is critical for the successful adoption of IPM. IPM is not a rigid recipe for successful pest control, because strategies implemented from farm to farm may vary even though the IPM principles on which they are based do not. Research that supports IPM needs also to be flexible and dynamic.