Chapters: 1. Ireland and the wider world in the 12th century. 2. The coming of The Normans. 3. The establishment and consolidation of the lordship of Ireland. 4. The response of the native Irish. 5. Internal tensions within the lordship. 6. The Bruce Invasion. 7. The mid fourteenth century: factionalism, decline, and the "Black Death". 8. Attempts at recovery: Royal intervention. 9. Fifteenth century Ireland. 10. The rise and fall of the Kildare Geraldine supremacy. 11. The Reformation. 12. The renewal of Royal interest in Ireland. 13. Social and economic developments in sixteenth century Ireland. 14. Conquest, submission and settlement.