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Between 1933 and 1942, around 20,000 refugees fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi-occupied Europe, most of them Jewish. Unable to assimilate into Chinese culture, the Jewish community spent a decade preserving their own culture and enduring harsh Japanese occupation in Shanghai, before dispersing around the world after the end of World War II. Steve Hochstadt, whose Viennese grandparents were among those who fled, tells their story by weaving together hundreds of sources and dozens of interviews into a series of compelling essays on this unique, but little-known rescue.
Steve Hochstadt retired in 2016 after a 37-year career teaching history at Illinois College and Bates College in Maine. His research focusses on migration in Germany and the Holocaust. He was awarded the Social Science History Association’s Allan Sharlin Memorial Award for his book Mobility and Modernity: Migration in Germany 1820-1989 (1999). He is also the author of Shanghai Geschichten (2007), Exodus to Shanghai (2012) and Death and Love in the Holocaust (2022).
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Preface
Introduction: A Seder in Shanghai
Part I: Experiences in Shanghai
Chapter 1. The Hochstädt Family of Refugees
Chapter 2. Shanghai: A Last Resort for Desperate Jews
Chapter 3. Counting Shanghai Refugees
Chapter 4. Who Became Refugees? The Demography of the Shanghai Refugees
Chapter 5. One Day in Shanghai: June 22, 1939
Part II: Memories of Shanghai
Chapter 6. At the Last Minute: Shanghai Refugees Remember Their Flight from Germany
Chapter 7. Memories and Memoirs of Shanghai
Chapter 8. Rickshaw Reunion in San Francisco
Chapter 9. Refugees and Natives in Shanghai: The Portrait of the Chinese in Jewish Refugee Memory
Part III: Holocaust Interviews and Holocaust Research
Chapter 10. Oral History and the Holocaust: The Necessity of Interviewing Survivors
Chapter 11. Using Survivor Interviews Systematically: Social Science and the Holocaust
Chapter 12. From Interview to History: Transcription, Editing, and Lost Meaning in Holocaust Interviews
Part IV: Competing Histories
Chapter 13. Jewish Studies in China
Chapter 14. The Chinese History of Shanghai Refugees
Conclusion: The Future History of Shanghai Refugees
Epilogue
References