What happens to language when a society confronts revolution and the West at the same time? This book invites you to rethink language not as a neutral tool, but as a site where thought, power, and civilization collide. Bringing together leading Iranian thinkers, the volume explores Reza Davari Ardakani’s social theory to ask how modernity reshapes meaning, identity, and critique in Iran. You follow debates on language, tradition, revolution, and underdevelopment, grounded in philosophy rather than ideology. With original essays and close readings, this book offers a rare, coherent engagement with Davari’s thought and opens a new path for understanding language as a decisive force in social life.