Mango is grown in more than 100 countries and is a commercially important fruit for many countries in the tropics. However, mango cultivation faces various problems which require urgent attention if sustainable production is to be achieved. This chapter reviews the factors which affect mango productivity in the tropics and the significant constraints facing mango production in these areas. We discuss constraints related to soil, climate, orchard management, irrigation and nutrition, and in each case present strategies for addressing these constraints and promoting sustainable mango cultivation.