This edited textbook critically examines the experiences of men in contemporary society. It is grounded in a dual framework that acknowledges both the historical and ongoing privileges associated with male identity and the distinct needs and challenges males and men face today. The volume explores the intersection of masculinity and mental health across key domains, including human growth and development, psychopathology and diagnosis, disability, career and work, and relationships and connection. It seeks to deepen attention to the mental health needs of males and men, strengthening the knowledge base of counselors in training and practicing professionals alike. Clinical vignettes are incorporated to illustrate real-world applications and enhance understanding of clients who identify as male. In addition, the book offers practical, evidence-informed recommendations for working with males and men across diverse populations and therapeutic modalities.