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Modernism is typically thought of as focusing on the new and now, not looking backward at historical catastrophes. Yet in many surprising, often submerged ways, the transatlantic slave trade shaped the works of both Black and white writers. This book reveals how modernists turned to the Middle Passage—and, in so doing, upended Western ideas about time and space, race and gender, and the category of the human.
Bringing together Afro-diasporic and Black studies scholarship, modernist aesthetics, and environmental studies, Laura Winkiel presents a new literary history of modernism from the perspective of the Atlantic and its role in slavery and colonization. She examines the works of African, Caribbean, British, and US writers including Joseph Conrad, William Faulkner, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Jean Rhys, Amos Tutuola, and Virginia Woolf, as well as later interlocutors such as Marlon James and Jamaica Kincaid. Paying particular attention to settings on shorelines, deltas, archipelagos, and the ocean, Winkiel argues that allusions to the slave trade make visible the exploitative structural relations between the metropolis and the colonies and between the liberal subject and its others. By turning to the ocean and its violent histories, this groundbreaking book rethinks the fraught relationship of modernism and race.
— Simon Gikandi, Class of 1943 University Professor of English, Princeton University
How is it possible that modernism continues to ignore Atlantic slavery? In her provocative and intricately researched book, Laura Winkiel proposes a bold and capacious restoration of the Middle Passage as the unacknowledged fulcrum of modernist experimentation with form and ecology. Insisting on the vital value of race and postcolonial analysis, Winkiel offers refreshing new readings of foundational modernist writers, from Woolf to Faulkner, McKay to Hughes, Rhys to Tutuola, changing the remit of the field for our times.
— Yogita Goyal, professor of African American studies and English, University of California, Los Angeles
Provocative, engrossing, speculative, and accomplished, Modernism and the Middle Passage offers a refreshing reorientation of how the catastrophic violence of the Middle Passage has structured the aesthetic innovations and the aqueous ecologies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Acknowledgments
Overture
1. Reading with the Sea
2. Alluvium: Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Claude McKay
(interlude)
3. Waves: Virginia Woolf and Kabe Wilson
4. Archipelago: Jean Rhys, Marlon James, and Jamaica Kincaid
5. Delta: William Faulkner and Amos Tutuola
Coda
Notes
Index