The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling. New to this Edition: engineered nanocrystals for electrolytes, nanotechnology for latent fingerprint detection and nanoparticles for microbial fuel cells.