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Gender- and sex-related norms have an impact on us from the first to the last day of our lives. What are the effects of such norms on the education of children and adolescents? Conveyed via parents/family, school, and peers, they seem to be an inseparable part of human relations.
After its favorable reception in German-speaking countries from 2014 onwards, this title is now available in English. The texts show that the traditional assumption of a dualistic, bipolar normativity of sex and gender leads to children being taught gender-typical behavior. The contributions in this volume explore the reasons for these practices and open the debate on the divergence between the prevailing norms and the plurality of different life plans. In addition, the book helps to disengage the topic of sex and gender from a hitherto narrowly circumscribed context of sexual orientation.
The contributions point the way towards a culture of respect and mutual acceptance and show new methodological as well as theoretical approaches, e.g. by introducing the figure of the continuum, so that, in future research projects, more than just the two sexes and genders of female and male might be considered as a new normality.
Erik Schneider (Dr. med.) is a psychiatrist and psychotherapist and does freelance work in Luxembourg in the areas of medicine, law, education and ethics. The focal points of his research include criticism of definitions and categories, dynamics and potency of power between medicine, especially psychiatry, law and educational science, including ethical aspects, sex/gender binarity and variations.
Christel Baltes-Löhr (Prof. em. Dr.) is teaching and researching on identities, plurality, migration and gender by focusing on the figure of the continuum, non-binarity, trans* and *inter at Université du Luxembourg. From 2004-2016 she acted there as gender representative, until 2015 as head of the Institute for Gender Studies, Diversity and Migration. From 2006-2018, she represented Luxembourg in the »EU-Helsinki Group on Women and Science«. From 2016-2018 she was member for Luxembourg in the »Experts' Forum« of the »European Institute for Gender Equality« (EIGE). Since 2015, she is member of Luxembourgish National Ethics Committee (C.N.E.) and since 2019 one of three co-spokespersons of the AG Trans* Inter* Studies of the Fachgesellschaft Geschlechterstudien (German Society for Gender Studies).
Frontmatter 1
CONTENTS 5
Introduction 9
Always Gender - Always Different 17
Human Diversity: To the Detriment of Norms 39
Gender Identities and Human Rights 45
The Gender Issue, a Question of Non-Discrimination 57
The Concept of Human Gender: Its Epistemological and Ethical Impact 63
The Art of not Being Categorized Quite So (Much) 81
Who has a Disorder? Who gets to Decide? 95
An Unusual Way of Addressing Sex/Gender 113
The Sex of Knowledge: Sexuated and Gendered Anatomy 123
Determining Sex/Gender: Genes and DNA Precisely Do Not Predict the Development of a Genital Tract... 137
Cuba: A Revolution of Sexualities, Sexes/Genders and Bodies 155
Trans-Children: Between Normative Power and Self-Determination 167
Hormone Treatment of Transsexual Adolescents 189
Genetic or Biological Trans Parenthood: Dream or Reality? 197
Intersex/Gender-Related Constitutiveness: Specific Realities, Specific Norms 209
Intersex: Medical Measures on the Test Bed 229
Intersex and Human Rights 245
Medical Resistance to Criticism of Intersex Activists: Operations on the Frontline of Credibility 257
The Parent-Child Attachment and its Influence on Children Developing beyond the Binary Sex/Gender Norm 273
Transmitting Gender Competence in Biology Teacher Training 285
Prisoners of Lexicon: Cultural Cisgenderism and Transgender Children 297
Educational Activities: From Binary to Gender-Plural Approaches 313
Transidentity and Puberty 339
Optimism, Happiness and other Cruelties from a Conference on Sex/Gender Norms 351
Authors 365