This book provides a diverse exploration of multilingualism in contexts of migration, conflict, and inequality. Covering Eurasia, North America, the Middle East, and South Africa, it examines aspects of language, identity, literature, linguistic landscapes, cognition, and education in these regions. Chapters address the relationship between languages in politically conflicted areas, and how migration and economic factors influence multilingualism and the acquisition of polyglot abilities. Finally, the book explores the impact of multilingualism on literature, street signs, and graffiti, as well as its challenges for education systems.