As melting Arctic sea ice creates new shipping opportunities, black carbon emissions pose an urgent challenge for climate law and governance. Why has international regulation struggled to keep pace, and what role can non-state actors play in driving regulatory change? Combining doctrinal and empirical legal research, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the barriers facing non-state actors in advancing the regulation of black carbon emissions from Arctic shipping. It develops a systematic approach for overcoming these barriers and contributes to the discourse on the role of non-state actors in international law-making. Offering novel insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners, this book advances our understanding of international maritime law, climate change law, Arctic governance, and non-state actors in international law-making.