This volume presents a nuanced perspective on the role of Jamʿiyyat Ulama-i Hind in British India showing that the ideas resembling secularism and political liberalism were not entirely foreign to the ulama. Through an exploration of their dynamic tradition, the study asks for a paradigm shift, inviting the readers to entertain the possibility that at a historically crucial and defining moment in Indian Muslim memory, these ulama presented an alternative discourse on secularity and thus modern Muslim identity – one whose repercussions can still be felt in the myriad manifestations of Islam in South Asia and beyond