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Ubiquitous chips become critical technologies for the digital growth, industrial strength, and strategic independence of any country. The AI revolution is driving the tremendous demand for lower-power and higher-performance logic chips and memories. AI drastically reshapes the semiconductor market, which is expected to exponentially grow in the forthcoming years, e.g., by a factor between 3 to 5 in the next decade. The growing strategic and economic significance of AI turns the chip supply chain into a geopolitical asset, from the extraction and refining of raw materials to the advanced chip packaging. Semiconductors and its current fragmented supply chain are now considered as core security infrastructure for any country security. Therefore, any country or group of countries currently deploys strategic policies to control parts of this complex semiconductor supply chain, bearing in mind that the overall control of the supply chain by a single country is strictly impossible.
This book highlights the technological challenges for producing more energy-efficient and higher-performance AI chips – logic devices, memories, advanced packaging, optical circuits, power and analog components. It also describes the vulnerabilities of the chip supply chain, the country efforts to re-shore parts of its supply chain, and the sustainability issues related to the huge increase in semiconductor manufacturing capacity.
This book is recommended to a broad technological and societal world: students, researchers, technologists, industrialists, economists, financial and policy makers.
Christophe Wyon received an Engineer degree (1980) and a PhD (1984) as well as the habilitation to manage scientific research (2009) in Physics and Chemistry of Materials from the Grenoble Polytechnique National Institute, France. He is Director of Research at CEA-Leti. He managed several laboratories in LETI involving the crystal growth of laser, scintillator and semiconductor materials, the front-end processes for advanced transistors and Flash memories, and the development of OLED micro-displays. He also managed the physical characterization and failure analysis department of advanced ICs within ST in the frame of Crolles2 Alliance, gathering ST, NXP and Freescale. He authored and co-authored more than 80 scientific papers. He worked during 8 years for the French Ministry of Economy for promoting the microelectronics industry in France and in Europe. He was in charge of setting-up huge national and European programs for the development of micro- and nano-electronics. Since June 2019, he is the CEA-LETI representative in Brussels in order to promote the nanoelectronics industry in Europe. He contributes notably to the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda of European microelectronics under the responsibility of the European Components and System community
Professor dr.dr. Marcel Van De Voorde studied natural and applied sciences at Belgium and at European universities which resulted in various academic degrees. He was professor at multiple reputed universities worldwide including EU e.a. University of Technology DELFT; US, Japan and China e.a. reputed Tsinghua University in Beijing. He had direction functions at well known research centers and organizations e.a. CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) Geneva, European Commission Research, 12 years Max Planck Institutes in Germany, IMEC: nano-electric institute in Leuven since its founding in 1984 till 2024. He was/is member of multiple Research Councils and Governing Boards, worldwide e.a. CNRS (FR), CSIC (ES, CNR (IT), NIMS (JP), ESA (European space agency), NATO R&D&T, etc; he is senator and Trustee at European and World academies of sciences; honorary professor and doctor honors causa of various universities in the world. He had/is advisor to Ministers, Directors of research Institutes, Rectors of Universities in Europe and worldwide e.a. IMEC Leuven, the Science Council of the French Senate and national assembly in Paris, etc. His CV contains inventions e.a. proton therapy for cancer treatment, and plaid an important role in university education and research in Europe e.a. EC-ERASMUS programme, BOLOGNA Ministers Declaration with BSc, MSc, PhD…He also received honors from the Belgian King, the Luxemburg State, European Commission etc. He has a long experience in “Nanoscience and technology”.