Who were the Archeiomarxists—the “forgotten” communists of interwar Greece? This book brings them back into history. Through workers’ lives and struggles, you encounter bakers, shoemakers, tobacco workers, and war veterans who shaped a militant political culture beyond the official communist movement. Drawing on social and cultural history, the book explores workers’ self-education in “Red Schools,” dynamic trade unions, and violent conflicts both within the movement and with the state. Inspired by the Russian Revolution yet critical of Stalinism, the Archeiomarxists sought an alternative revolutionary path, creating a distinctive Greek version of Trotskyism. Using new sources and fresh interpretations, this study reveals how these alternative communists reshaped labour politics and the formation of the working class—before finally fading into obscurity.