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Focusing on practice more than theory, this collection offers new perspectives for studying the so-called “humoral medical traditions,” as they have flourished around the globe during the last 2,000 years. Exploring notions of “balance” in medical cultures across Eurasia, Africa and the Americas, from antiquity to the present, the volume revisits “harmony” and “holism” as main characteristics of those traditions. It foregrounds a dynamic notion of balance and asks how balance is defined or conceptualized, by whom, for whom and in what circumstances. Balance need not connoteegalitarianism or equilibrium. Rather, it alludes to morals of self care exercised in place of excessiveness and indulgences after long periods of a life in dearth. As the moral becomes visceral, the question arises: what constitutes the visceral in a body that is in constant flux and flow? How far, and in what ways, are there fundamental properties or constituents in those bodies?
“The collection presents a fascinating comparative history of the concept of balance throughout medical practice across the world, with disparate chapters well connected through thematic discussion.” · Social History of Medicine
“The book is a magisterial collection...In spite of the wide range of medical traditions concerned—from different continents (Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America) and at different epochs (ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary)—the book is coherently structured around a few core issues that consistently link all the chapters. Rarely will you find in a single volume so many authoritative scholars talking about the specificities of their field of research and, at the same time, constructing a comparative dialogue.” · Caterina Guenzi, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris
“This is a model of what an edited volume can and should be, bringing a wide range of geographic and temporal frames into dialogue to help rethink a notion that is arguably crucial to each one of them. It is a superior study, and I am confident that it will become a classic volume in the history of medicine.” · Carla Nappi, University of British Columbia
“This is an excellent collection of essays…[that] provides an extremely good basis for comparative studies. There is no similar collection, to my knowledge.” · Vivian Nutton, University College London
Peregrine Horden is Professor of Medieval History at Royal Holloway, University of London, and an Extraordinary Research Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He is co-author of The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History (with Nicholas Purcell, Blackwell, 2000) and author of Hospitals and Healing from Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages (Ashgate, 2008). He is also writing a general book on early hospitals for Yale University Press.
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements
List of Contributors
Introduction
Peregrine Horden
Part I: A Body of What?
Chapter 1. Female Fluids in the Hippocratic Corpus: How Solid was the Humoral Body?
Helen King
Chapter 2. Fluxes and Stagnations: A Physician’s Perception and Treatment of Humours in Baroque Ladies
Barbara Duden
Chapter 3. When Money became a Humour
Shigehisa Kuriyama
Part II: A Practice with What?
Chapter 4. Were the Four Humours Fundamental to Medieval Islamic Medical Practice?
Emilie Savage-Smith
Chapter 5. Complexio and experimentum: Tensions in Late Medieval Medical Practice
Peter Jones
Chapter 6. Foundationalism and Instrumentality: Rethinking Humoral Paradigms in Early Twentieth-Century Yunani tibb in India
Guy Attewell
Chapter 7. Hot Cold Classifications and Balancing Actions in Mesoamerican Diet and Health: Theory and Ethnography of Practice in Twentieth-Century Mexico
Ellen Messer
Part III: A Balance of What?
Chapter 8. Balancing Diversity and Well-Being: Words, Concepts and Practice in Eastern Africa
David Parkin
Chapter 9. ‘Holism’ and the Medicalization of Emotion: The Case of Anger in Chinese Medicine
Elisabeth Hsu
Chapter 10. Aiming for Congruence: The Golden Rule of Āyurveda
Francis Zimmermann
Chapter 11. Harmony or Hierarchy? The Mindful Body and the Sacred Landscape in Tibetan Healing Practices
Patrizia Bassini
Part IV: What Next?
Chapter 12. What Next? Balance in Medical Practice and the Medico-Moral Nexus of Moderation
Elisabeth Hsu
Index