This work was originally published in the Brown Judaic Studies series in 1984 by Scholars Press. It was first brought to my attention by Sarah Schwarz at Penn. The book describes the thinking of the Hellenistic Jewish community outside Palestine, beyond rabbinic influence, in the early days of the Christian church. It particularly addresses their influences on the Church, their interactions with it, and their shared cultural perceptions. The author's social-anthropologic approach to the history of religion was ground-breaking. This new edition of the work is accompanied by a comprehensive new introduction and updated bibliographysituating the book in the literature, bringing its content up to date, and describing its influence on subsequent work.