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The Geopolitics of Energy System Transformation
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24 February 2026

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.
Our global energy system needs radical and speedy transformation in order to meet climate change targets. This shift is currently conceived in two ways: a ‘high carbon transition’ away from fossil fuels and a ‘low carbon transition’, the development of a low carbon energy system. This accessible book guides us through the 'messy mix', the perilous ground that sits between the present and the future energy systems.
Evidence-based and solutions-focused, this is a novel framework to help manage geopolitical challenges and enable a swift, just, orderly and equitable transition away from fossil fuels.
'A crisp, insightful assessment of geopolitical rivalries and energy interdependencies keeping the world locked in a fraught fossil–renewable mix.' Philippe Le Billon, University of British Columbia
'A wonderful contribution to the energy transition debate. Using the Three Horizons framework, Bradshaw translates systemic challenges into clear, actionable insights. For anyone navigating the geopolitical complexities of the energy transition, this book is an indispensable resource.' Geraldine Wessing, Chief Political Analyst at Shell plc.
'A rigorous, clear-eyed examination of geopolitical battles and system complexity we must face to secure a managed and equitable transition.' Maria Pastukhova, E3G
'Highly insightful and accessible, this book should be read by anyone who wants to understand the drivers of the energy transition and how to navigate the mid-transition to achieve our climate goals.' Steve Pye, University College London
'A compelling guide for policymakers, energy companies, and investors simultaneously navigating the geopolitics of 'old' and 'new' energy systems.' Michael Collins, Energy Intelligence
1. Introduction
2. Energy Futures, Geopolitics and the Messy Mix
3. Fossil Fuel Geopolitics
4. The Resource Curse Revisited, Rentier States and Unburnable Carbon
5. The Geopolitics of the Low-Carbon Transition
6. Managing the Messy Mix