The catacombs of Rome: primarily associated with Christianity and the cult of saints. Yet the Jewish catacombs not only provide key perspectives in the relations between Jews, Christians, and pagans in Rome but also they are the primary witness to the Jewish community in the Western Diaspora in Late Antiquity. Set against the background of the seismic cultural, social, and religious changes of Late Antiquity, this interdisciplinary monograph reassesses the dating and identification of the Jewish catacombs while considering the diversity of the Roman communities in their organisation and beliefs about afterlife, sleep, and post-mortem existence.