This is the first book regarding the issues of PISA that has been published with respect to the Southeast Asian region. It is hoped that the content of this book can benefit and provide greater understanding for readers of several important aspects: (a) country performance in PISA 2012 for each participating Southeast Asian country, (b) the need for international comparative studies from the perspective at all levels of the teaching and learning process, (c) equity and quality of education, (d) how PISA impacts on policy making, and (e) the initiatives and future directions, and challenges to improve PISA performance in the future cycles of the PISA Studies. The major issues raised in this book warrant investigation and reporting to all countries of the World, including not only those countries that were engaged in PISA 2012, but also to the approximately 200 countries that are currently in the United Nations Organisation.