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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic viruses as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
This chapter reviews advances in the use of entomopathogenic viruses as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests. It begins by discussing insect pests and their impact on the environment and how insect pest control has developed over time. It also highlights how viruses have been used as po...
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Developments in individual-animal feed efficiency monitoring systems for livestock
Feed remains a major cost in livestock farming. Accurate measurement of feed intake by individual animals offers the possibility of significant savings and more efficient production. The use of advanced low-cost cameras and innovative computer vision algorithms is changing feed-intake monitoring ...
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Precision agriculture for sustainability: second edition
This new edition provides a comprehensive revision of a standard reference on the key components of precision agriculture (PA), from information gathering to delivery systems, as well the wide range of PA applications.
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Understanding and improving crop root function
Part 1 in this collection reviews recent research on understanding root system architecture and growth together key interactions in the rhizosphere. Parts 2 and 3 assess how roots respond to biotic and abiotic stresses whilst Part 4 explores how this understanding can be used to optimise root fun...
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In ovo development of the chicken gut microbiome and its impact on later gut function
Beneficial as well as pathogenic microorganisms, derived from external and maternal sources, can inhabit the gut of hatchlings. In an effort to optimize the enteric development of chicks and to assist in the establishment of intestinal bacteria populations that are conducive to their good health ...
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Whole-farm system models in practice: diverse applications
The challenges of contemporary agriculture are causing farmers to seek models of whole-farm goals, which requires mathematically-based modeling grounded in the latest scientific understanding of animal growth and reproduction, crop physiology, soil and environmental sciences, as well as economics...
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Advances in managing grassland weeds
The term "weed" is both relative and subjective, defined contextually and in relation to human activities. In this chapter, we discuss weeds in different grassland types, ranging from cultivated feed crops in arable land (leys) to natural multispecies grasslands. As agricultural systems transitio...
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Instant insights: feather-pecking in poultry
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on feather-pecking in poultry.
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Processing techniques to optimize digestibility and nutritional value of animal feed
This chapter reviews the effects of feed manufacturing processes on the nutritional value of feed. It discusses the effects of particle size reduction and pelleting on feed digestibility and the overall performance of pigs/swine and broiler chickens.
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Advances in disease-resistant oil palm varieties
This chapter describes advances in the breeding of disease-resistant varieties of oil palm, presenting the key issues associated with oil palm disease resistance, including the usefulness and sustainability of resistance and the agricultural practices required to enable it. The chapter focusses o...
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Improving fertilizer and water-use efficiency in mango cultivation
The irrigation requirements of mango have not been adequately investigated, and very few studies have been conducted on regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies at different phenological stages. The aim of this chapter is to suggest how research in the field of irrigation and fertilization c...
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Factors affecting flavour development in beef
Many attributes of the eating quality, especially tenderness, of beef have received much attention in research over the years. However, it has been widely accepted that one of the major attributes that make beef unique is its flavour; in fact, recent research has shown that it is flavour that is ...
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Developing a global regulatory regime for bioprotectants
This chapter reviews the piecemeal development of pesticide regulation and the challenges of developing a more harmonised and global approach to approving new crop protection products. Such as approach needs to meet the needs of farmers, companies and regulators in balancing criteria such as effi...
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Improving cultivation of groundnuts
Genetic and management options are available to realize an optimal pod yield and quality of groundnut production that meets the needs of the processors and consumers, as well as ensuring food safety standards. This chapter discusses various options for groundnut cultivation, from the choice of th...
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Growing organic apples in europe
This chapter reviews key research areas involved in organic apple production, and covers the development of suitable varieties and rootstocks, soil fertility management and strategies for maintaining apple tree health. A number of case studies are then considered in order to show how research can...
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Assessing the benefits of temperate agroforestry in enhancing carbon sequestration
Implementation of tree-based land management strategies, such as agroforestry, can provide greater benefits for mitigating climate change through increased carbon sequestration in soils and plant biomass. However, the carbon sequestration benefits of temperate agroforestry practices at the system...
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Fostering carbon sequestration in humid tropical and subtropical soils
In the warm and humid tropics and subtropics, conservation agriculture, based on no-tillage and cropping systems with high biomass production, creates a positive balance between the output and input of carbon (C), which increases soil organic C (SOC) stocks by 0.3–0.6 Megagrams per hectare per ye...
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Improving drought and heat tolerance in wheat
Changes in global climate have increased the variability of precipitation, and have made episodes of drought and/or high temperature more common. These stresses, often occurring in combination during grain filling in arid or semiarid areas, are considered the two most common environmental limitat...
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Improving the welfare of ewes
Ewes are often grazed in large flocks in extensive pastoral production systems, and it is relatively uncommon for ewes to be individually identified or tallied. Given the relatively low economic value of adult ewes, health or production problems may go unnoticed for some time. Health problems aff...
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An overview of subsurface irrigation techniques
Water is a scarce resource which plays a crucial role in agriculture. As climate change and population growth increase the strain on water supplies, involved actors are forced to look for water-saving irrigation methods for food production. This chapter reviews four key subsurface irrigation tech...
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Advances in fertigation techniques to optimize crop nutrition
Improving fertilizer application involves the ‘4Rs’: applying the right fertilizer source at the right rate, time and place. This chapter reviews the latest research on the ways fertigation can meet these objectives. Topics discussed include nutrient consumption curves and supply, optimizing irri...
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Measuring and monitoring soil carbon sequestration
The monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration following management changes is complex due to the multitude of influencing factors related to ecosystem processes but also due to (socio-)economic or legal requirements. Several protocols for MRV applicat...
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Lessons learned from operational and shuttered vertical plant farms
Vertical plant farming (VPF), defined as crop production utilising vertical space through stacking horizontally or in towers, is a promising and relatively novel type of controlled environment agriculture (CEA). The nascent sector has been riddled with complexities in economic viability, labour, ...
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Instant insights: rust diseases of cereals
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the range of rust pathogens affecting cereal production, focussing on wheat, barley and sorghum production. Chapters discuss the epidemiology of key rust pathogens, as well as the current challenges faced by farmers wishing to control cereal ru...
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Understanding plant-pathogen interactions in net blotch infection of cereals
An economically important disease of barley that causes significant yield and quality losses is net blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres. To reduce the impact of net blotch the research community is engaging in basic and applied research to enhance genetic resistanc...
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Advances in seed phenotyping using x-ray imaging
In this chapter, we propose a panel of the imaging techniques dedicated to seed phenotyping. While review articles exist for most of these imaging techniques, X-Ray imaging, which can be considered as the most important one, still lacks of a synthetic overview. This is the focus on X-Ray imaging ...
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Evaluating the economics of integrated weed management
Integrated weed management (IWM) contributes to the reduction of the use of pesticides and the risks of pesticide use. Novel IWM strategies can have economic consequences for farming systems. To develop alternative weed management strategies that maintain productivity while reducing the environme...
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Instant insights: sweetpotato
This specially curated collection features three reviews of current topics and key research in sweetpotato.
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Food losses and waste in meats
Poultry, beef, mutton and goat meat remain important components in the human diet, making food losses and waste (FLW) in livestock production a serious issue in terms of food security as well as economic and environmental sustainability. This chapter reviews the extent of FLW affecting meat and t...
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Advances in biostimulants in turfgrass
This chapter reviews the use of biostimulants in turfgrass management. It first identifies the different types of biostimulants that can be used for turfgrass, focusing on phytohormones, biopolymers, protein hydrolysates and other nitrogen-containing compounds, botanical and synthetic bioactive c...
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Advances in production of house flies as food and animal feed: key challenges and solutions
The common housefly (Musca domestica), a ubiquitous presence in various environments, has been a subject of scientific investigation for over a century. This chapter explores the potential use of housefly larvae as a sustainable animal feed ingredient. Their ease of rearing, rapid growth, high nu...
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Marker-assisted selection in poultry
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a form of indirect selection that depends on the accuracy of measuring the marker and the genetic correlation between them. This chapter describes the development of large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with high-throughput au...
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Key issues in breeding and trialling robust cereal cultivars for organic farming
This chapter provides an overview of key issues in organic crop breeding and presents objectives, activities and results of concrete organic cereal breeding projects. Organic crop breeding is a small but rapidly growing branch of organic agriculture. Its primary objective is to develop cultivars ...
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Microbiological safety of vegetable produce: the impact of pre- and post-harvest practices
Over the last decade, fresh fruits and vegetables have been linked to at least a dozen major outbreaks of foodborne illness in North America and Europe. It is becoming clear that sanitation alone will not alleviate the problem of human pathogens in produce, and a systems approach is needed to des...
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Soil solarization: a sustainable method
Solar heating of soils, better known as soil solarization, involves heating moist and mulched soil (with a transparent polyethylene film) for several weeks. Its advantages include its non-chemical nature and its effective use in a wide range of agricultural areas worldwide. This chapter reviews t...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of antioxidants in wheat
Whole grain wheat has a diverse supply of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants which include phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins which are present only in pigmented wheat, alkylresorcinols, and to a lesser extent proanthocyanidins), carotenoids (mainly lutein and zeaxa...
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Genetics and genomics of skeletal traits in poultry species
Impaired skeletal function occurs in both meat-type and layer poultry, with different aetiologies. This chapter reviews the literature on quantitative genetics and genetic mapping of skeletal traits in both types of poultry. Both skeletal defects and bone quality traits in poultry are lowly to mo...
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Advances in assessing heavy metals in food
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the presence, sources, risks, and detection methods of heavy metals (HMs) in food. It focuses on toxic elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, which pose significant health risks even at low concentrations. The chapter explores the m...
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Instant insights: economics of key agricultural practices
This collection assesses the economics of key agricultural practices, with chapters dedicated to analysing the economic impact and consequences of insect pest management and novel integrated weed management strategies. Additional chapters consider the economic barriers faced by smallholder farmer...
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Organic greenhouse tomato production
Organic greenhouse tomato cultivation is expanding rapidly to meet consumer demand. This production system endeavours to minimize system inputs and adverse environmental impacts through sustainable water and waste management, limited fossil energy use, nutrient-balanced approaches, and mechanical...
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Analysing the processing quality of sugarcane
Sugarcane, belonging to the genus Saccharum, is a grass grown in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. As industries attempt to achieve sustainability in sugar production and in the production of current and potential by-products from sugarcane, knowledge about its compositional trait...
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Theory and application of phenotyping in wheat for different target environments
Phenotyping serves both research and breeding purposes. For research, precise and often costly procedures are employed to phenotype strategic traits in order to gain a better understanding of how genotypes adapt to different environments. For breeding, both strategic and screening traits are cons...
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Advances in postharvest sanitizing regimes for horticultural produce
Fresh and fresh cut fruits and vegetables are occasionally contaminated with foodborne pathogens, which has led to numerous recalls and outbreaks of foodborne illness, affecting consumer confidence. Leafy greens are more difficult to decontaminate from foodborne pathogens than other types of fres...
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Instant insights: pre- and probiotics in poultry production
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on pre- and probiotics in poultry production.
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Advances in understanding the development of immune function in pigs
Medicine preventive programs in swine medicine are focused on minimising the negative effects of diseases on pig production. In the case of neonatal diseases, the acquisition of maternally derived acquired immunity , through colostrum ingestion, is critical to providing enough humoral and cellula...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: spaghetti meat
Spaghetti meat (SM) is a recently recognized myopathy that occurs in the Pectoralis major of modern fast-growing broilers. The SM abnormality is characterized by loss of muscle structural integrity and loosely separated muscle fibers and bundles. This condition causes significant economic losse...
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Sustainable food consumption attitudes and behavior: generational cohort differences
This chapter explores generational cohorts’ attitudes towards and purchasing behaviour relating to different dimensions of sustainable food consumption (SFC). It examines differences in attitudes to SFC between generational cohort differences. It then develops a typology characterizing participan...
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Flame weeding techniques
Flaming as a vegetation control method began in the mid-1800s. It is based on utilizing heat for plant control, and has the potential to be used effectively for at least six agronomic crops (field corn, sweet corn, popcorn, sorghum, soybean and sunflower) when conducted properly at the most toler...
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Potato production and breeding in china
China is the largest potato producer in the world, accounting for a quarter of total global production. The potato has become the fourth most important food crop in China, following corn, rice and wheat. The development of the potato industry has significantly helped to alleviate poverty, improve...
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Managing breeder poultry flocks to optimise hatchability and chick health
A relatively small number of broiler breeders produce globally billions of broilers each year. Optimal reproduction and health in the parent stock is therefore of the utmost importance to optimize product quality, welfare and profitability of the poultry meat chain. Appropriate management during ...
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Managing soil health for grassland
Soil health is a holistic concept that includes all the processes affecting the ability of soil to provide the ecosystem services we require from grassland. The primary ‘service’ provided by grassland is forage for livestock, but additional secondary ‘services’ can include benefits such as enviro...
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Peptides as novel biopesticides
Venom peptides are small toxic proteins originated from animal venoms. They have attracted great interest as a route to develop the next generation of novel, effective and safe biopesticides. This chapter reviews the characteristics and discovery of a range of venom peptides. It shows how inhibit...
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Molecular breeding techniques to improve egg quality
Multiple tools for the molecular analysis of variation at both the DNA and protein level have recently been developed. These molecular tools that include low cost sequencing, simultaneous genotyping of large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms chips, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PC...
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Understanding the contribution of milk constituents to the texture of dairy products: liquid milk products
This chapter discusses understanding the contribution of milk constituents to the texture of dairy products, specifically focusing on liquid milk products. It starts by examining the viscosity of milk, reviewing flow behaviour models and the effect of milk composition and temperature on milk visc...
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Advances in conventional potato-breeding techniques
Potato is highly heterozygous. In order to maintain productivity, improved potato varieties are therefore developed by inter-mating desired parental lines and selecting superior clones from the progeny. Since potato is vegetatively propagated, any selected genotype can be fixed with all its intra...
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The effect of soil organic matter on plant mineral nutrition
The role of soil humus in soil fertility and crop production has been well established by many studies and practical farming experience. This role is related to the presence of a family of organic substances, known as humic substances, with the capacity to increase the pool of plant-available nut...
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Advances in soil and nutrient management in apple cultivation
This chapter explores the emerging issues that are likely to influence future approaches to soil and nutrient management in apple orchards. These include climate change and variability, the degradation of soil and water resources, and the future availability and cost of fertilizers. We then consi...
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Instant insights: poultry housing systems
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on poultry housing systems.
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Economically important insect pests of maize
Maize yields in most sub-Saharan African countries remain low, at 0.5 to 1.0 ton/ha. While some of this yield disparity can be attributed to the use of open-pollinated varieties (OPVs), much of the yield reduction is a result of numerous economically damaging insect pests. This chapter describes ...
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Developments in data analysis for decision-making in precision livestock farming systems
This chapter focuses on supervised learning techniques such as decision trees and linear prediction models, as well as unsupervised learning techniques such as clustering. Fitting the model to data and the phenomenon of overfitting are described. For each technique, an example has been added for ...
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Key issues in agricultural ethics
This collection explores key ethical debates surrounding agriculture and agri-food supply chains, including issues such as animal welfare, use of labour, the effects of new technologies and the overall impact of agriculture on the environment. It considers the ways these ethical dilemmas may be b...
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Understanding and improving crop photosynthesis
This collection reviews the wealth of research on the different ways of improving C₃ photosynthesis in crops and how to use this knowledge to achieve sustainable improvements in yields in the face of climate change.
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Bacterial and viral diseases affecting sheep
Numerous infectious diseases are known to affect sheep. Some of these, known as zoonosis, are transmissible to humans, while some must be reported to government agencies in order to allow monitoring of potential outbreaks and ensure that appropriate action is taken to limit losses. This chapter a...
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Developing decision-support systems for crop rotations
Crop rotations have formed a fundamental component of agricultural systems for millennia. Improved decision support systems for crop rotations hold great potential for improving soils and agricultural sustainability. New opportunities exist to gather and collect on farm data at unprecedented tem...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of production and non-production traits
Sheep production plays an important role in supplying high-quality protein for human consumption and contributes significantly to the global economy. To ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of this sector, animal breeding stands as a vital pillar for continuous and cumulative improvement...
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Post-harvest management of sorghum
Sorghum is an important cereal, especially in the developing world where it is a major food source in regions where other cereal crops would not withstand the harsh conditions. After summarising sorghum’s nutritional status and world production figures, this chapter presents post-harvest operatio...
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Sugarcane genome sequencing and genetic mapping
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops for producing sugar and bioethanol, and breeding for superior sugarcane cultivars would benefit significantly from available genetic and genomic resources. This chapter explains the difficulties of sequencing and mapping the genome of ...
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Integrated pest management in sustainable palm oil production
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is central to sustainable palm oil production. This chapter explores the rapid expansion of oil palm and its impact on the environment, the range of pest species found in plantations, and the impact of replanting on pest numbers. The chapter introduces the concept...
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Integrated disease management in tree nut cultivation
Integrated disease management and use of protocols and products that minimize the environmental impact are paramount needs in the cultivation of tree nuts. In this chapter, such approaches are proposed for chestnut cultivation and, specifically, for the management and mitigation of damage caused ...
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Lime breeding: a way forward
Limes are a genetically diversified group of citrus including acid limes, sweet limes, Australian limes, other limes, lime hybrids and Rangpur lime, however, only Mexican lime and Tahiti lime are currently being widely cultivated. This chapter describes the origin and domestication of important l...
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The role of standards and certification in delivering safe, sustainable and socially responsible agri-food supply chains
The evolution of standards and certification in agri-food chains has taken place over nearly 40 years. The dynamics that led to this form of private governance have also changed over time. Contemporary issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and seeking to develop a food system that is ...
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Are there bacterial bioprotectants besides bacillus and pseudomonas?
This chapter discusses the taxonomy of non-Bacillus and Pseudomonas (NBP) bioprotectant strains, including enterobacteria, actinomycetes, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Agrobacterium-Rhizobium and Lactobacillus. The chapter reviews their mechanisms of action against plant pathogens. Sources of i...
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Analysis and design of the shade canopy of cocoa-based agroforestry systems
Cocoa-based agroforestry (AF) systems are a conspicuous element of agricultural landscapes worldwide. Shade canopy analysis and design is a key component of crop husbandry, and requires a good understanding of the interactions, synergies and trade-offs between shade, yield and environmental servi...
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Assessing inbreeding and genetic diversity in the holstein breed using pedigree and genomic approaches
Various breeding strategies to improve dairy cattle production, conformation, health and, more recently, efficiency, have been developed. However, as selection intensity within these finite populations has increased, so has the relatedness within individual populations. This chapter looks at inb...
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Advances in phosphite utilization for turfgrass
This chapter will assess the sustainable use of phosphite in amenity turfgrass management, by exploring the often-contentious use of phosphite as a nutrient source, its use as a biostimulant, and its properties and efficacy as a plant protectant within many plants including turfgrasses.
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Advances in understanding microbial communities in the rhizosphere
This chapter explores the dynamics of rhizosphere microbiomes, focusing on their composition and functional aspects. It evaluates host-specific selection, plant species, genotypes, domestication, and agricultural ecosystem management practices. The chapter also investigates the legacy of plant de...
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Assessing the effects of crop residue retention on soil health
Crop residues are the most accessible form of plant residues. Conventional agricultural cropping systems rely on synthetic fertilizer; however, these systems also require regular organic inputs from crop residue, root biomass, and rhizodeposition to maintain soil organic matter (SOM), improve soi...
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Genetic evaluation: use of genomic data in large-scale genetic evaluations in dairy cattle breeding
Genomic evaluation has been successfully implemented in nearly all advanced dairy producing countries. Methods to compute genomic genetic evaluations for dairy cattle can be divided into single-step methods and multi-step methods. This chapter introduces the use of mixed model equations and the n...
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Advances in automatic milking systems
Technology is becoming embedded in different aspects of agriculture. Specifically, automation of the milking process within dairy production systems represents fundamental change for the operator, the cow herd and indeed the whole farm operation. Adoption of automatic milking requires new thinkin...
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Advances in maintenance practices of turfgrass
Turfgrass management has greatly changed over time. Advancements in technology have resulted in changes to management practices including autonomous mowers, lightweight rolling on putting greens and fairways, vertical mowing, air injections, and fraise mowing for renovation to name a few. These p...
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Integrated weed management techniques for rice
Global food production must increase in order to meet the needs of the world’s growing population. In order to improve productivity in rice cultivation, it is essential to recognize the problems caused by biological constraints such as weeds, and then to evolve and implement appropriate strategie...
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Towards sustainable management of fusarium wilt of banana
Since the start of growing bananas in large plantations the industry has been plagued by the introduction of numerous pathogens and none more troublesome than Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). The introduction of Fusarium race 1 in the Gros Michel plantations in Latin America led to one of the major...
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The emergence of antibiotic resistance in poultry farms
The use of antibiotics in poultry farming has enhanced production via effectively controlling infectious diseases and promoting growth of birds, allowing the industry to cope with the increasing consumer demands and provide safe and affordable products. However, the use of antibiotics results in ...
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Harnessing genetic and genomic resources to transform the production and productivity of sorghum
Despite sorghum’s inherent yield potential, its remarkable adaptation to marginal environments and its extensive use in various food applications by smallholders in developing countries, sorghum has never received the attention it deserves and thus its productivity has remained low. This chapter ...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic oomycetes as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
This chapter reviews advances in the use of entomopathogenic oomycetes as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests. It begins by discussing how oomycetes have evolved from invertebrate pathogens to plant pathogens, what they are commonly known as today. The chapter also provides a case stud...
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Advances in production and formulation of commercial microbial bioprotectant products
This chapter reviews the recent commercialization of microbial bioprotectant products containing bacteria, fungi, yeast and bacteriophages for the control of plant diseases. The chapter also summarizes recent development activities of new bioprotectant products based on microorganisms or their me...
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Advances in soilless cultivation of tomatoes and other fruit vegetables
Fruit vegetables are a rich nutritive source for the human diet and highly appreciated for their taste. Tomato, sweet pepper or cucumber crops have specific growth requirements linked to their physiology and their architecture (plant bearing fruits). Soilless culture system (SCS) are characterize...
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Assessing the environmental impact of greenhouse cultivation
This chapter aims to address the environmental aspects of greenhouse cultivation, it covers the methodology used to perform an environmental assessment and provides information regarding damaging and beneficial environmental aspects, as well as suggestions to improve environmental quantification ...
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Understanding and improving the shelf life of tomatoes
The shelf life of tomatoes is regulated via a myriad of physiological, biochemical and environmental processes. Tomato, a climacteric fruit, undergoes increases in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening; once the ripening process is initiated it cannot be reversed. Ripening ...
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Understanding the molecular biology of avian viruses and their role in poultry health
Different molecular aspects of avian viruses are presented such as the role and importance of capsid proteins and viral glycoproteins in viral pathogenesis, in development of diagnostic methods and the creation of recombinant vaccines is discussed. Mechanisms of viral evolution such as mutation, ...
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The cellular basis of feed efficiency in poultry muscle: mitochondria and nucleic acid metabolism
Feed is one of the most significant costs involved in animal production, and feed efficiency is therefore a very important genetic trait in animal agriculture. In poultry, a clear link between breast muscle mitochondrial function and feed efficiency has been reported. This chapter provides an ove...
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Advances in stand management and regeneration
Multiaged forests are thought to have the redundant structure to withstand changing disturbance regimes that are expected with the future climatic scenarios. This chapter describes the methods for deciding how to control stand density in multiaged silviculture at both the stand level and the indi...
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Modelling transition of agricultural systems in response to climate change
The world is facing the multifaceted challenge of achieving food security for a growing population in the face of climate change. Already agriculture and by extension food security are affected by climate change and these impacts are projected to worsen. At the same time, agriculture and the food...
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Advances in measuring soil health
This volume begins with a review of advances in measuring soil biological activity. Parts 2 and 3 survey developments in measuring soil physical and chemical properties. The collection concludes by reviewing soil health indicators and decision support systems for improving soil management.
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Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: detection and monitoring
Sampling grain for stored grain insects is expensive in time and resources. Stored-product insects which damage the grain are small, cryptic and often difficult to find. Many of the sampling methods are unreliable and prone to false negatives. There are two broad types of estimates of population ...
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Advances in communication systems in agricultural robotics
Unmanned agricultural ground vehicles (UAGVs) represent substantial potential with their ability to optimize crop yields and increase sustainability, making them a high priority with many academic and corporate institutions. These systems need to be safe and robust while operating in suboptimal c...
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Cultural control of arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit
Perennial systems, such as temperate tree fruit, present interesting challenges and opportunities for the practice of cultural pest management tactics. This chapter outlines key cultural tactics for managing arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit, including modification of trees, tree architectu...
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Effects of climate change on agricultural soils
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased considerably. In 2017, the atmospheric concentrations of CO2, N2O and CH4 had risen to 406 ppm, 330 ppb and 1859 ppb, respectively. Such high increases in GHGs have led to destructive and irreversible impacts on soil processes. The impacts range from ...
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Waste management in egg production
Waste management is an essential component of an egg production system, affecting the environmental impact of production, food safety, worker safety, and animal health and safety. Manure, animal mortalities , and egg washing and processing wastewater are the major types of waste generated in an e...
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Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in latin america
This chapter provides an overview of crop modeling in three Latin American countries: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. It assesses model characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and areas for future development. The chapter includes developments in modelling the impact of climate change on key crops:...
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