Collection: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
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Advances in using proximal ground penetrating radar sensors to assess soil health
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used for a variety of agricultural applications. This chapter summarizes the GPR background needed to apply this technique to agriculture, including a review of basic principles, data acquisition, and data processing methods. Recent advances in each of these ...
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Integrated weed management in soybean cultivation
Almost all soybean fields have weed infestations that must be managed by farmers to sustain economic viability. This chapter reviews the integrated weed-management approach, which utilizes the contributions of plant breeding, cultural, mechanical and chemical practices in suppressing weed populat...
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Conservation tillage in organic farming
Conservation tillage in organic farming combines the principles of organic farming with the benefits of soil erosion control achieved by the conversion from ploughing to either reduced tillage or no-tillage/direct-seeding. This chapter reviews more than two decades of on-station and on-farm resea...
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Plant secondary compounds: beneficial roles in sustainable ruminant nutrition and productivity
Plant secondary compounds, also known as phytogenics or phyotochemicals offer interesting opportunities to improve rumen function and livestock productivity in the current production systems as many plants produce secondary metabolites that, when extracted and concentrated, may exert modulation o...
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Developing good agricultural practices (gap) across global agri-food supply chains: challenges and opportunities
Good agricultural practices (GAP) define the practices at the farm level that can be adopted to assure safe and healthy food is produced profitably with appropriate standards in terms of animal welfare, worker welfare and environmental protection. This chapter describes GAP, notions of good farmi...
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Instant insights: metabolic disorders in dairy cattle
This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on metabolic disorders in dairy cattle.
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Soil microorganisms: role in soil health
Soil is a complex environment that supports the largest, most diverse and resilient microbial community on the planet, essential for nutrient cycling and plant growth. The details of many soil microorganisms remain unknown, but the recent improvements in molecular methods for microbial ecology h...
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Conserving and exploiting cocoa genetic resources: the key challenges
The future of the world cocoa economy depends on the availability of genetic diversity and the sustainable use of this broad genetic base to breed improved varieties. Decreasing cacao genetic diversity (in situ, on-farm and conserved in collections) is a serious problem, and all its many causes n...
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Managing the irrigation efficiency paradox to “free” water for the environment
Reducing water consumption (equivalent to depletion) in irrigated agriculture ‘saves’ water, freeing it up to be allocated to other sectors, for example, to restore environmental flows. However, this task is not straightforward because consumption is difficult to adjust; there are many scales, mo...
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Understanding the nutraceutical properties of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables: chemical structure and groups
This chapter reviews the nutraceutical properties of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables, focusing specifically on chemical structure and the different groups flavonoids can be catagorised into. The chapter draws attention to flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, neoflavonoid...
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Challenges and developments in hybrid breeding of barley
Over a long period of more than a century, breeding and improvements in cropping systems have led to a constant increase in grain yield in barley. Due to its autogamous propagation, commercial barley varieties are normally true inbred lines or doubled haploid lines normally having completely homo...
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Pesticides and agriculture
Pesticides have played a critical but sometimes controversial role in the development of agriculture. This book provides an authoritative account of the development of the modern pesticides industry in the context of broader developments in global agriculture.
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Advances in integrated wheat disease management
This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in understanding and monitoring major diseases affecting wheat, the challenge of fungicide resistance, as well the range of integrated management techniques used to prevent and/or control disease outbreaks.
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Crop and cropping systems management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Conservation Agriculture (CA) offers a pragmatic option for improving soil health, crop productivity and resilience, generating biomass, increasing factor productivity and total output, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Most crops, including cereal, legume, oilseed, fibre and vegetable crops...
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Advances in proximal sensors to detect crop health status in horticultural crops
Advances in proximal sensing for targeted application of bioprotectants and biopesticides are crucial for more sustainable horticultural crop disease management. These technologies can help to identify spatial/temporal patterns of disease and provide data for forecasting models. They rely on opto...
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Challenges in cultivation of bananas in the subtropics
Although it is commonly thought that a tropical climate is more suited to banana production than a subtropical climate, banana yields obtained in the subtropics are excellent and under good cultural practices can even be considered among the highest of the world. The relatively cool climate of th...
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Assessing the environmental impact of agriculture
This book reviews key methods for measuring the environmental impact of agriculture. Part 1 reviews life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Part 2 reviews ways of modelling particular types of impact whilst the final part covers particular agricultural sectors.
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Supporting smallholders in improving wheat cultivation
We present an overview of how research and development (R&D) can support smallholder wheat farmers (i.e. wheat farmers with limited access to resources and services), reviewing published research and presenting a case study based on our ongoing wheat technology transfer project in Kenya. Glob...
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State of the global adoption and spread of conservation agriculture
Chapter 2 in volume 1 provided a detailed account of the global adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture (CA) up to the year 2015/16. This chapter provides an update of the global adoption and spread of CA for the year up to 2018/19. In 2008/09, global CA cropland area was 106.5 M ha sprea...
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Drivers of change for cassava’s multiple roles in sustainable development
This chapter reviews the ways cassava yields can be improved sustainably to keep pace with a rising population. It also looks more broadly at improving the role cassava can play in improving farmers’ and consumers’ lives – through income generation, improved food security, better nutrition, and a...
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Improving nutrient management for sustainable intensification of maize
Maize is an important crop worldwide for its role in ensuring food security, alleviating poverty and increasing farmer income. Maize production in the world is higher than rice and wheat because of its multiple demands for human food, animal feed, bio-fuel and from other industries using it as ra...
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Use of the secondary gene pool of barley in breeding improved varieties
Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) is an important crop species and breeding efforts over the past century have resulted in agronomically advanced cultivars. These efforts have also resulted in reduced genetic diversity of elite barley germplasm, hampering the ability of breeders to improve...
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Integrated weed management in tomato cultivation
Weeds pose a major threat to agriculture and cause crop yield losses in a big way. What needs to be done to counter the threat of weeds? This chapter discusses many measures to tackle the problem of weeds, especially in tomato cultivation. One of the most important is Integrated Weed Management (...
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Assessing microplastics and nanoplastics in food
The environmental impact of macroplastics in the sea and soil has become a global problem, resulting in their entry into the food chain. Macroplastics become microplastics and nanoplastics over time through abrasion and degradation mechanisms. Current analytical measurements show that micro- and ...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve fertility/reproductive efficiency
The decline in fertility over the last few decades, especially in high milk producing dairy cows, is a major concern in many countries with modern dairy industries. Fertility is a compound trait of many events leading up to successful calving and subsequent lactation. Fertility traits in cattle h...
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Nutritional value, health benefits and uses of avocado
Avocado fruit is rich in phytochemicals that have been associated with the prevention of some important diseases. This chapter discusses the important nutritional components of avocado fruit, especially the many important bioactive compounds they contain, as well as the important effects of avoca...
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Advances in machine learning for agricultural robots
This chapter presents a survey of the advances in using machine learning (ML) algorithms for agricultural robotics. The development of ML algorithms in the last decade has been astounding, and there has therefore been a rapid increase in the widespread deployment of ML algorithms in many domains,...
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Variety selection and seed quality management in grain legume cultivation
A key aspect of grain legume crop cultivation is selecting and being able to access the seed of the right type and quality. This is becoming more challenging as grain legumes become cash crops and smallholder farmers transition from subsistence farming to market-oriented production. This chapter ...
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Advances in research on coffee flavour compounds
Coffee’s global appeal is related to its unique flavour, taste and mouthfeel. Coffee is the second-most traded global commodity after petroleum, and a thorough understanding of the chemical dynamics associated with its aroma is essential for the enhancement and permanence of its popularity. This ...
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Forest landscape restoration (flr) of tropical forests
This chapter reviews the restoration of tropical forests, focusing specifically on forest landscape restoration (FLR). It begins by addressing the importance on implementing forest landscape restoration and provides an overview of different guides and tools for FLR. It also provides two case stud...
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Photosynthetic improvement of wheat plants
The light-driven assimilation of CO2 in photosynthesis is the primary determinant of the biomass of wheat. The current theoretical maximum efficiency of photosynthesis in wheat is 4.6%, but in practice it rarely exceeds 2% and averages less than 1% in the field (Zhu et al. 2008). Improving this c...
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The nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk components
Eggs are of particular interest in nutrition because they contain all the nutrients necessary for human health, except for dietary fibre and vitamin C. The aim of this chapter is to discuss current trends in the study of nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk. In particular, we will ...
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The emergence of cassava as a global crop
This chapter outlines current knowledge about cassava’s origin in Amazonia and summarizes the history of its introduction and diffusion in the Old World. The chapter examines the evolution of the traits that led to its success, focusing on two aspects under-appreciated by cassava breeders, extens...
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Food losses and waste during food processing
Approximately a third of world food production is not consumed and food waste has become an issue of importance to global food security and the environment. In Europe, processing makes the second largest contribution along the supply chain, equalling approximately a fifth of total food waste. Thi...
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Biofortification of maize
Biofortification refers to the process of enhancing the micronutrient density of crops. It emerged as a response to the public health problem of micronutrient malnutrition, referred to as hidden hunger, which seriously affects millions of people worldwide. The premise of biofortification is that ...
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Improving best practice with regard to pesticide use in cocoa
Consumer concerns about food safety have been translated into policy in consuming countries, including pesticide residues in cocoa. Such policy changes have an impact on cocoa producers and other supply chain stakeholders, as they have to comply with legislation or risk losing lucrative markets. ...
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Risk-based measures for prevention and control of african swine fever (asf) in pigs
This chapter highlights the tools currently available for early detection of the presence of African swine fever (ASF) and biosecurity measures to prevent its spread, including adequate cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures.
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Optimizing precision in orchard irrigation and nutrient management
Precise water and nutrient management in fruit production systems has become a key area of study over recent years, not only due to the changing climate but also due to increased demand for fruit from a growing population as part of a healthy diet. Irrigated fruit production has been proven to be...
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Incubator design for poultry eggs: principles and techniques
Incubation is a very delicate process that requires a good control of the environment around the egg. Not meeting the requirements of the embryo will result in a loss of hatchability and chick quality which can influence performance in later life. Key factors are: temperature, position and turnin...
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Advances in precision livestock farming
This collection reviews recent advances in developing precision livestock technologies. It assesses developments in continuous, automated, real-time monitoring of production, health and welfare traits of livestock to improve the efficiency, welfare and environmental impact of livestock farming.
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Ensuring the safety of feed for beef cattle
The unique ruminant digestive system of beef cattle enables them to eat and digest a wide range of feed products, including by-product or alternative feeds not utilized in other livestock production systems. It is important to ensure that the various feed products provided to cattle will not pose...
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Wheat crop modelling to improve yields
Crop simulation models are robust tools for scientists, farmers and policymakers that can be used to develop practices and strategies to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability on a local, regional or global scale under conditions and treatments difficult or impossible to test using...
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Disease and pest management in organic farming: a case for applied agroecology
Disease and pest management in organic agriculture are based on a whole set of interlinked system management methods, including in certain cases, the use of organic pesticides and biocontrol organisms. In order to achieve the greatest possible natural biological control within a growing system, t...
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Multi-feedstock biorefineries for converting agricultural wastes and microalgae into co-products
This chapter reviews developments in the types, processing and use of biomass to develop a range of co-products. It begins by assessing availability of biomass feedstock from agricultural sources. It then reviews the range of biological and thermochemical biomass conversion processes together wit...
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Bioactive compounds in oil palm
There is growing evidence for the protective effect of plant bioactives against diseases, and this has led to interest from the functional food and nutraceutical industries for the development of bioactive-enriched food and supplements. The oil palm fruit is a source of both lipid- and water-solu...
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Key steps in conservation and use of plant genetic resources: an overview
This chapter reviews the key steps in conservation and the use of plant genetic diversity. It begins by providing an example of a model which includes a series of steps starting with the full range of genetic diversity for all the target plant taxa, through the prioritisation of target taxa, the ...
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Precision livestock farming and pasture management systems
Precision livestock farming (PLF) focuses on individual animal monitoring and management. Precision pasture/rangeland management is concerned with monitoring and dealing with landscape spatial and temporal variability whilst considering the influence that animals bring to these systems. This chap...
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Monitoring trends in diseases of poultry
Disease surveillance is a staple programme in most developed poultry systems and is a cooperative effort between individual poultry companies, regional and national disease control agencies and programmes, public and private diagnostic laboratories, research universities, wildlife agencies and al...
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Quantifying earthworm community structures as indicators of soil health
Whilst the presence of earthworms is used by many farmers as a general indicator of soil health, measurement is generally subjective. The chapter reviews current challenges in collecting more systematic and reliable data on earthworm communities, including issues in identifying epigeic, endogeic ...
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Developments in unmanned aerial systems for precision agriculture
Rapid global population growth intensifies pressure on agriculture to meet food demand sustainably, necessitating the adoption of data-driven precision agriculture (PA) methods. An unmanned aerial system (UAS) is increasingly favoured in PA due to their adaptability, cost-effectiveness and high-r...
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Global coffee production and sustainability
This chapter discusses trends in coffee production, particularly factors affecting the low share of global revenue received by smallholders responsible for a large share of production. This situation has profound consequences for the economic and environmental sustainability of smallholder coffee...
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Ethics of agricultural research
This chapter is devoted to the ethics of agricultural research, has been written in the context of three basic frameworks. First of all, it is essential to determine the scope and boundaries of the term 'agricultural research'. Second, in terms of the relationship between agricultural research an...
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Proximal soil surveying and monitoring techniques
The understanding of soil fertility is fundamental to agricultural production. However, soils can show great variation both spatially and temporally. This chapter outlines the key challenges faced in monitoring such variation and the solutions that have been developed and further employed to aid ...
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Advances in wheat breeding techniques
Wheat production must be increased to meet growing demand, making it critical to increase the rate of genetic gain in wheat breeding. This chapter reviews the suit of core breeding methodologies currently applied, including methods proposed and employed for their advancement. It also discusses te...
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Advances in sheep production
This collection reviews the key challenges facing sheep production, including evolving consumer expectations, concerns about sustainability, as well as One Health issues. The book also considers how grazing systems and nutritional approaches can be managed to optimise sheep health and welfare.
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The impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production
This chapter examines the impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production. It starts by discussing the relation between greenhouse gases and dairy production, highlighting how important it is to the dairy sector to find ways of decreasing greenhouse gas out...
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Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production: modelling methods, methane emission factors and mitigation strategies
This chapter discusses the systems analysis and life cycle assessment modelling approaches and also looks at a range of model applications. These applications include use within the national inventories of various countries across species including discussions around the use of different emission...
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Improving plant health in sub-saharan africa: conclusions and future challenges
This chapter provides concluding comments for ‘Critical Issues in Plant Health: 50 Years of Research in African Agriculture’, a book focussing on research carried out by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) to improve the health of crops in Africa. In addition, it also outli...
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Online decision support systems, remote sensing and artificial intelligence applications for wheat pest management
Infestation with herbivorous insects and other invertebrates (“pests”) can be extremely damaging to wheat production, potentially resulting in up to 80% yield loss. Reducing the damage caused by these pests is a central component of crop protection practices. Decision Support Systems (DSS) are in...
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Supporting smallholders in maintaining soil health: key challenges and strategies
Smallholder farmers are important stewards of global soil resources with strong linkages between livelihoods, global poverty and soil health There is no single method to engage with smallholder farmers in managing soil health, as they are a diverse group scattered across multiple geographies, soi...
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Advances in screening and product development of microbial bioprotectants
The success of a biological control programme depends on the isolation and selection of antagonists. There is an enormous diversity of culturable microbial species in the soil, rhizosphere, phylloplane, spermosphere and carposphere, which can be used in the isolation and selection of antagonists....
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Harnessing actinobacteria for crop protection: current advances and future perspectives
Recent efforts in bioprospection have uncovered new Actinobacteria bioactivities ranging from antibiotics, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, and have renewed interest in the development of Actinobacteria-based inoculants, mainly composed of microbial cells and cell-free microbial cultured...
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The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health
Ruminants have a complex microbial community inhabiting their gastrointestinal tract. In particular, rumen microbiota converts lignocellulose material to nutrients and energy, which dictate to the animal’s performance through a host–microbe symbiotic relationship. Owing to their significant role ...
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Developments in techniques to test the efficacy of animal feed products
Various animal feed products may influence animal health, conversion of animal feed into food of animal origin and the emissions caused by animals. All these matters are regulated in the directives of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This chapter first discusses EFSA guidance on how to ...
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Smart farming in extensive livestock production: the australian experience
There is little doubt that agtech, and in particular connected things will play an increasingly important, enabling role in extensive livestock production systems in improving productivity, safety, workflow, sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change and market access. But the ke...
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Short chain organic acids: microbial ecology and antimicrobial activity in the poultry gastrointestinal tract
Interest continues for the development and implementation of alternative feed additives that limit foodborne pathogens in the poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and benefit the host. Short chain organic acids have been employed as feed additives for a number of years. They have been primarily u...
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Producing quality milk from sheep
This chapter describes the sheep dairy industry and begins by analysing the advantages and disadvantages of different sheep breeds for production of high-quality sheep milk. The chapter addresses in detail various issues arising from the dairy farming of sheep, including frequency of milking, the...
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Trade and marketing of avocado
This chapter describes the global trade in avocado, markets and marketing systems, examples of quality and safety standards and requirements for local markets as well as for export markets, and costs and returns.
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Measuring and assessing the biological health of soils
This book reviews key advances in measuring soil biology which provides the foundation for soil health on which sustainable crop and livestock production depends.
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Waste management and emissions in poultry processing
A major contributor to emissions and to waste generation in food production is the poultry slaughter-processing plants, especially because one of the greatest sources of indirect emissions from food consumption in the European Union and the United States is the consumption of meat. Quantifying th...
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Key issues in exposure assessment and risk characterization of chemical contaminants in food
Exposure assessment is the third step in food safety risk assessment, in which the dietary intake of chemical substances is estimated. The health risk of that intake is then evaluated in the risk characterization, where intake is compared with a Health Based Guidance Value. When the dietary intak...
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Characterisation of fungal communities and functions in agricultural soils
One of the main drivers for the recent interest in utilising fungi has been the development of molecular technologies which allow us to investigate fungal communities in detail. We have made significant steps forward in understanding numbers and functions of fungal communities in soil. If we are ...
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Organic agriculture and agroecology in latin america
This chapter provides an account of the development and current status of agroecology and organic agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It highlights the main contributions made by LAC farmers, practitioners, researchers and value chain actors to the worldwide growth of agroecolog...
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The societal role of grasslands: the case of northwest europe
The call for downsizing livestock production to reduce negative environmental impacts will result in a further reduction in (permanent) grasslands in NW-Europe. This might hamper the provision of important ecosystem services (ES) by grasslands. In this study, ecosystem services of different types...
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Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases
As one of the world’s ‘big three’ cereal crops, wheat has a highly significant role to play in global food security, and therefore the prevention and management of diseases affecting wheat is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we consider the current status of global wheat production, the ...
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Ruminal-ciliated protozoa
Research of the mammalian gut microbiome has in recent years been principally defined by the culture independent analysis of the genetic potential inherent to these microbial communities. However, there has been a renewed interest in culture-based studies of the gut microbiome to increase both th...
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Improving the quality of apples
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research undertaken on the factors which can determine the quality of apples, focussing on attributes such as texture and nutritional content. The book also considers how these attributes can be optimised at both the pre- and postharvest stages in the ...
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Nutritional and nutraceutical/functional properties of maize
Maize is the most widely grown crop, which is primarily used for animal feed and food. It is a staple food for a large segment of the world’s population, and it is also used as an industrial raw material. This chapter - reviews the nutritional quality of maize by considering various quality compo...
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Biofertilizers: assessing the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil health
This chapter discusses the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizers on soil health. It begins by addressing the key issues of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil health, specifically focusing on improved soil structure and stability, soil contamination, carbon sequestration and nu...
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Understanding resistance to oxysterol binding protein inhibitor fungicides
Downy mildews and late blight are important crop diseases caused by oomycetes which often require the use of fungicides with a cost of control estimated at $2 billion annually. In recent years, the crop protection industry has been rather successful in discovering and introducing plant protection...
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Manure management in organic farming
Animal manure is the most important source of nutrients applied in most organic farming systems. Nitrogen (N) is often the most yield-limiting factor in non-leguminous crops, and thus lack of N may cause reduced yield and low protein content in many crops. In addition, N is the nutrient that is m...
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Tenure and management rights in tropical forests
Secure tenure rights are fundamental to the sustainable management of the world’s tropical forests. By determining the depth of rights and consequent decisions actors can make, tenure regimes allow present-day considerations of future values, thus incentivising investments in the sustainable use...
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Improving potato cultivation practices: an overview
Environmental and food safety concerns are driving potato research towards the development of sustainable practices. Soil and planting management, as well as cultivation practices, are directly related to increased marketable yield and quality and are of great importance for quick crop emergence,...
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Diseases affecting coffee: an overview
Among the various diseases of coffee, leaf rust, black rot, anthracnose, root diseases and nursery diseases are of particular importance, causing considerable damage every year in most coffee regions. Control measures are based on integrated disease management (IDM) techniques which include growi...
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Advanced testing, multiplication and release of new sorghum varieties
The release of a new sorghum variety or hybrid is the culmination of many years of breeding and evaluation. This chapter describes the hybrid advancement process, including ways of increasing the parent lines for hybrid production and the guidelines that must be followed to ensure high-quality se...
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Towards sustainable production of walnut (juglans regia l.)
Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the only species of the genus Juglans widely cultivated for nut production. Over the last 20 years, global walnut production has grown by almost 250%, with China, the United States and Iran as leading producing countries. This enormous growth is mainly attribu...
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Smallholder seed systems for sustainability
This chapter discusses the role of seed systems particularly as a channel to supply smallholder farmers with new traits and combinations of traits through improved hybrids or varieties. This chapter looks at issues surrounding the development of more economically-sustainable and predominantly “fo...
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Understanding consumer and societal attitudes to sheep production
Sheep farming contributes to the world economy by producing wool, meat and dairy products and is an integral part of the agricultural sector. Sheep provide important ecosystem services, but their methane emissions can contribute to environmental problems. Transformations in social and consumer at...
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Advances in understanding plant root uptake of phosphorus
At a global scale, phosphorus (P) deficiency comprises a large area of cropland, while P has also been used in excess of crop requirements in many other regions. Improved crop P-acquisition efficiency would allow lower target critical soil P values and provide savings in P-fertiliser use. At the ...
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The challenges of smallholder farming
This chapter starts by discussing the features of small-scale farming, indentifying family management and labour as its hallmark. The considerable differences of geography, economic and social circumstances among smallholder farms are explored. These suggest that while some smallholdings can prov...
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Identifying and classifying banana cultivars
This chapter addresses identifying and classifying banana cultivars. It begins with an overview of banana cultivars, which is then followed by a discussion of the different levels bananas can be classified at: genera, section and species level. The chapter also examines how to identify different ...
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Temperate alley cropping systems
The implementation of modern agricultural practices has largely excluded trees from the rural landscape, causing negative environmental impacts. Alley cropping, an agroforestry practice where agricultural crops are grown simultaneously with long-term tree crops, helps mitigate negative environmen...
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The use of dietary fibre to optimize microbial gut function in pigs, with particular consideration of dietary cereal grains and legumes
This chapter examines interactions of dietary fibre components of pig diets with GIT microbiota, emphasizing cereals and legumes fed to pigs. Carbohydrate composition of these feedstuffs are described, and their relationship to metabolic activity of the porcine intestinal microbiota and interacti...
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Conservation agriculture: climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits
This chapter discusses how Conservation Agriculture can be used to tackle the challenges posed by climate change to agricultural ecosystems. It focuses on the fundamentals of climate change mitigation and benefits of adapting to climate change. The chapter also includes a case study on the LIFE+ ...
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Manure and compost management to maintain soil health
This chapter discusses the role of manure and compost in maintaining soil health in relation to the use of inorganic fertilizer. It reviews best management practices in using manure and the effects of increased manure use, including resolving problems related to excess manure. The chapter reviews...
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Advances in conventional breeding techniques for oil palm
At the beginning of the 20th century, oil palm was a semi-wild crop which had not been subjected to breeding efforts. This chapter will review the history of oil palm breeding, starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to the present day. We will discuss breeding objectives, breeding met...
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Instant insights: using manure in soil management
This book reviews recent advances in the utilisation of livestock manure to improve soil management and health. Chapters discuss best practices for the storage, treatment and processing of livestock manure, as well as the effects of manure application on the ability of soil to deliver a range of ...
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Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle
This chapter describes the developments to control infectious diseases in the dairy cattle industry, and outlines recent research in this area. A risk analysis approach is presented as a framework for managing infectious diseases at global and farm level. Disease hazards, and the release and expo...
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Optimizing insecticide use in integrated management of fruit insect pests
The integrated pest management approach was conceived to reduce grower reliance on pesticides by combining and optimizing pesticide use with biological, physical and agronomical control tools. Natural enemies are an essential component of the agroecosystem and play a valuable role in controlling ...
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Optimizing urban beekeeping
Beekeeping, or apiculture, is an agricultural pursuit that has witnessed a dramatic rise in popularity in the past decade in many urban areas across the world as individuals and groups react to the widespread concern about the global decline populations of pollinating insects. This chapter provid...
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