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Advancements in turfgrass for ornamental lawns
This chapter addresses the advancements in turfgrass for ornamental lawns. It first focuses on breeding and selection advances, drawing attention to consumer lawn preferences and the implications this can lead to in terms of contemporary breeding and production, as well as discussing the current ...
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Data-driven operations for a productive and sustainable plant factory
Our “808 FACTORY” business has been profitable for eight years since establishment of our first plant factory. Here, we present the business model of the brand that we have been operating. We discuss factory layout and operation management. We review measures of productivity per unit cultivation ...
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Advances in pre-harvest management of avocado
This chapter reviews the pre-harvest management of avocados, fruit losses and their causes and control, with a special emphasis on fruit quality. It highlights key production techniques required for sustainable cultivation of the crop. It discusses existing information on the floral biology, the ...
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Advances in lettuce breeding and genetics
Lettuce is a vegetable planted in temperate areas worldwide. As a crop, lettuce faces many challenges from biotic stressors, which constitute a top priority for the breeding industry. Diseases and insects can diminish yield due to cosmetic damage to the foliage, which is the consumable part of th...
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Sustainable use of seaweed for biofuel
In the last two decades, biofuel research has intensified as they are being increasingly considered as a viable replacement for crude oil derivatives. In comparison to crude oil reserves, biological feedstocks for bio-fuel production are globally widespread. On the other hand, biofuel production ...
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Producing biofuels with torrefaction
Biomass of various types is being used as coal substitute in power generation and industrial usage around the world. Significant investments have been made in Europe and elsewhere to accommodate the use of dried and pelleted biomass materials in various power plants. Substituting biomass for c...
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Advances in breeding of cucumber and watermelon
The breeding of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has changed over the last few hundred years, from open-pollinated populations, to inbred lines, to gynoecious hybrids. Speed breeding, marker-assisted selection and more efficient field testing have also led to advances with this crop. Production of inbr...
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Advances in understanding contamination of fresh produce by salmonella
Salmonella is a frequent etiologic agent for foodborne illnesses acquired via consumption of plant-based foods. This may be attributed to the adaptability of this pathogen to various environments and hosts, including plants. Salmonella has a broad capacity to associate with fresh produce crops fr...
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The role of good agricultural practices (gaps) in preventing pathogenic microbial contamination of fresh produce
The microbial safety of fresh fruits and vegetables impacts the health of consumers and the economic viability of farms, packinghouses, and the produce industry. The implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) on farms and in packinghouses over the past 24 years has resulted in an increa...
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The use of gene-editing techniques in breeding improved ornamentals
The aim of ornamental plant breeding is developing novel cultivars with new and improved traits. Innovation in this field has increased with the advent of precise genome editing. These techniques use nucleases to guide site directed mutagenesis e.g. the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palin...
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Apple mosaic virus: biology, epidemiology and detection
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) has been detected in apple and also in a number of other plant taxa including other members of the Rosaceae, hazelnut, hop, birch and a number of perennial weed species. This chapter comprehensively details how the virus is spread and describes the symptoms displayed by ...
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The global avocado industry
This chapter highlights the significant evolution of the global avocado industry, which has experienced extraordinary growth in the last very few decades, both in the American continent where the fruit was originated, and in the other continents. The chapter indicates the important avocado produc...
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Advances in using heat for disinfection/disinfestation of horticultural produce
Research into the development of pre-storage heat treatments is continuing for both disinfection (postharvest decay) and disinfestation (insect control) outcomes. This is driven by loss in availability or efficacy of postharvest fungicides, or treatments for insects such as methyl bromide. This c...
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Sustainable use of miscanthus for biofuel
Biomass removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during growth and, if converted to biofuel, has the potential to be carbon negative, especially if combined with carbon capture and storage. To achieve ambitious targets for global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, biomass crops should gene...
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Collection and evaluation of banana and plantain landraces in africa
This chapter provides a review of the processes involved in the collection and evaluation of banana and plantain landraces, the challenges and opportunities encountered and suggestions for the way forward.
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Instant insights: improving the shelf life of horticultural produce
This collection provides a detailed insight into the methods used to improve the shelf life of horticultural products, focussing on how the implementation of these methods can contribute to reducing the amount of global food loss and waste in the horticultural sector. Chapters explore the role of...
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Developments in tomato breeding: conventional and biotechnology tools
Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining these into one individual plant. Since 1900, Mendel’s laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. This chapter presents ‘conventional’ breeding technologies that have been applie...
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Advances in understanding and improving the nutraceutical properties of apples
The fruits of Malus domestica are consumed in their own right and also undergo industrial procedures to form different products such as juice, cider, and vinegar. Industrialization creates apple pomace, a residue that can be used for the generation of bioactives, adding value to the raw material,...
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Exploiting current musa collections
Collections of Musa provide material for germplasm and genetic improvement; however, several challenges must be addressed by collections and information systems to optimize their use. In this chapter, we discuss conservation and germplasm integrity, accession characterization and information that...
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Instant insights: viruses affecting horticultural crops
This book offers a detailed overview of some of the key viruses affecting major horticultural crops, including apples, bananas, tomatoes and plums, as well as best practices for their management and control.
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Advances in understanding vegetable physiology: root systems as the next frontier in improving sustainable vegetable production
Root systems are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients needed to support crop growth and development, ameliorate the effects of other stressors and increase vegetable production. Roots are crucial for maintaining plant water status and meeting shoot transpirational demands as the leav...
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Best management practices for pollinator protection in us apple production
This chapter describes a set of pollinator best management practices (BMPs) for US apple production. The primary goal is to provide guidance for growers, crop consultants and regulators on pollinator protection in apple orchards. This guidance considers practical production needs. In the long ter...
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Agronomic factors affecting phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables significantly benefit human health as they contain a large number of phytochemical compounds. Several strategies can be applied to effectively improve these health-promoting compounds by manipulating various agronomic factors. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive und...
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Assessing the impact of alien bees on native ones
Because of their importance as pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, little concern has been paid to alien bees when entering a new ecosystem. Hence, approximately 80 alien bee species worldwide have spread outside their native ranges. Here, we explored the main impacts of alien bees on nati...
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Advances in greenhouses and other protected structures used for cultivation of vegetables
Research work conducted during recent years (e.g. structure design, covering, climate control, energy use efficiency, water and nutrient management, supplemental lighting, new cultivars) has revolutionized greenhouse vegetable production. This chapter reviews the current situation of such protect...
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Genetic modification of bananas: the long road to farmers’ fields
The great challenge for bananas into the future is to develop cultivars with multiple disease resistances, stress tolerance and enhanced fruit quality. The two major development strategies are conventional breeding which will deliver new cultivars and genetic modification which will deliver curre...
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Improving plant propagation methods for fruit disease control
The movement of plant propagation material across countries and continents allows for the exchange of high-quality planting material providing producers with superior germplasm, and enhancing farm sustainability and profits. However, this practice has hidden dangers, including the potential of mo...
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Advances in understanding the ecology of citrus insect pests
Citrus is one of the oldest and most important perennial fruit crops of the world and has been a crucial cultivar in the development of technology to manage insect pests. Some of the leading breakthroughs include classical biological control, early fumigation practices, establishment of plant qua...
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Insect pests of fruit: aphids
Aphids (Homoptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) currently include 5575 valid species. They are characterized by some peculiar morphological and biological characteristics that make these insects unique organisms. Although often under-reported, it is estimated that aphids cause very high economic lo...
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Understanding the nutraceutical properties of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables: chemical structure and groups
This chapter reviews the nutraceutical properties of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables, focusing specifically on chemical structure and the different groups flavonoids can be catagorised into. The chapter draws attention to flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, neoflavonoid...
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Nutritional value, health benefits and uses of avocado
Avocado fruit is rich in phytochemicals that have been associated with the prevention of some important diseases. This chapter discusses the important nutritional components of avocado fruit, especially the many important bioactive compounds they contain, as well as the important effects of avoca...
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Trade and marketing of avocado
This chapter describes the global trade in avocado, markets and marketing systems, examples of quality and safety standards and requirements for local markets as well as for export markets, and costs and returns.
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Identifying and classifying banana cultivars
This chapter addresses identifying and classifying banana cultivars. It begins with an overview of banana cultivars, which is then followed by a discussion of the different levels bananas can be classified at: genera, section and species level. The chapter also examines how to identify different ...
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Optimizing insecticide use in integrated management of fruit insect pests
The integrated pest management approach was conceived to reduce grower reliance on pesticides by combining and optimizing pesticide use with biological, physical and agronomical control tools. Natural enemies are an essential component of the agroecosystem and play a valuable role in controlling ...
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple canker in asia
Apple valsa canker (Valsa mali) is mainly distributed in China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea. It occurs in all apple production areas in China, particularly in the northern cold areas. Apple valsa canker mainly damages the cortex of apple branches, causing the cortex to rot. This chapter d...
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Advances in soilless culture strawberry production
The majority of strawberries produced in the world are grown in the open field, and only in the past 50 years has protected cropping become established as a commercially viable system. Soilless culture (hydroponics) is an important component of this form of intensive production because it enabl...
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Modeling the effects of climate change on agriculture: a focus on cropping systems
Crop models are powerful tools to explore agricultural impacts and adaptation to climate change. They are extensively used to predict the effect of climate change on agriculture. In this chapter, the authors review how crop models take into consideration climate variables and how they are used fo...
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Use of biocontrol agents in fruit tree disease management
Increasing demands for residue-free fruits, changes in regulation and a decreasing number of available synthetic fungicides favour growth of the biocontrol products market. These products include naturally occurring beneficial microorganisms which are used to control plant diseases. This chapter ...
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Measuring and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities
The accurate assessment of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for accounting and mitigation options is still a key concern. An extensive body of data is available, but limitations of the different measuring approaches have often been ignored. Despite some constraints, chamber-based appr...
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Optimizing energy and other resource use in vertical farms
Plant factories utilizing artificial light (PFALs) perform particularly well in terms of resource efficiency, although energy use, mainly due to the use of artificial light for plant photosynthesis, remains high. This chapter presents the latest innovations in horticulture, photobiology, climate ...
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Postharvest handling of organically produced specialty crops
Worldwide demand for organically produced specialty crops continues to increase. Both conventional and organic postharvest handling practices require a comprehensive approach from selection of plant material through production, harvest, storage, and marketing. This chapter discusses the differen...
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Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: jatropha curcas
Our earth is on the verge of a severe global energy crisis with less energy reserves which are soon to be named as ‘extinct’. Liquid biofuels such as biodiesel serve as an importance sustainable energy to replace fossil derived diesel fuel. Competition of edible oils for food and fuel make the no...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of litchi
In this chapter, the effort and achievements in litchi research and development are summarized, and key challenges and practices in litchi production will be addressed with a focus on cases in China.
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Instant insights: controlled environment agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in controlled environment agriculture, focussing on those implemented within plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs), indoor vertical farms, soilless culture systems and screenhouses.
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Advances in plant growth regulation in turfgrass
This chapter examines advances in plant growth regulation in turfgrass. It begins by providing an overview of the current use of growth regulators in both cool-season and warm-season turfgrass species. It then goes on to discuss enhancing rooting and establishment as well as turfgrass wear tolera...
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Integrated management of diseases and insect pests of tree fruit
In the light of increasing restrictions on pesticides, this collection reviews advances in understanding key diseases and insect pests of tree fruit. It shows how this understanding can be used to improve integrated disease and pest management techniques.
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Advances in cultivation of avocado
Avocado has become a very popular fruit in the diet, causing avocado consumption to grow worldwide. This chapter discusses what is being done to improve the cultivation of avocado. It reviews methods in preserving and increasing the soil nutrition of avocado such as adding organic matter into the...
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Growth and nutritional contents of medicinal plants and herbs as affected by light and root zone environments in plant factories with artificial lighting
This chapter examines how light and root zone environments in plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) can affect the growth and nutritional components of medicinal plants and herbs. It first draws attention to perilla, a popular medicinal plant, and describes the effects of photosyntheti...
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Advances in irrigation techniques in vegetable cultivation
Water for agricultural use accounts for a very high percentage of worldwide water consumption. In order to maximize productivity and profitability, while reducing the environmental impact of vegetable farming, growers must choose the correct irrigation system for their crop as well as determine t...
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Characteristics, potential and challenges of plant factories with artificial lighting (pfals): introduction
Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) or vertical farms can contribute to solving global and local issues of food safety and security, protecting the environment, increasing demands for higher quality fresh foods, and reducing food mileage and food loss. However, current PFALs consume ...
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The contribution of integrated crop–livestock systems in combatting climate change and improving resilience in agricultural production to achieve food security
This chapter illustrates through a contrasting set of examples how current crop–livestock systems contribute to the food security and diverse diets of smallholder livelihoods. It also highlights how farmers use these systems to cope with a variable climate. The chapter provides a short overview o...
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Improving nutrient management in the cultivation of ornamental plants in greenhouse, container and field production
This chapter reviews nutrient management in different production systems for ornamentals. Proper nutrition in containerized and field grown plants is essential for maximized growth and profitability. Macro- and micro-nutrients along with substrate or soil amendments ensure that plants remain hea...
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Understanding processing of phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables in the gut
Phytochemicals are compounds synthesized in plants that result from secondary metabolism. As a part of plant-rich diets, phytochemicals are associated with wide ranging health benefits including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anticlotting, anti-inflammatory effects. There are a wide vari...
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Mapping and exploiting the citrus genome
The citrus gene pool displays a huge diversity for useful traits such as fruit quality, resistance to diseases and abiotic stress adaptation. Efficient exploitation of this germplasm by conventional citrus breeding requires the developments of early selection methods, particularly the one based o...
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Understanding and optimizing the physical properties of growing media for soilless cultivation
From the end of the last century and the beginning of this millennium, the design and use of growing media have rapidly evolved to respond to new needs and constraints. Additional concepts in soil physics have been developed to cope with these changes. The beginning of this millennium has also wi...
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Harvesting citrus: challenges and perspectives in an automated world
Harvesting oranges has been a challenge for all countries that grow and export juice or fresh fruit. Despite the many advances in agriculture and technology, the majority of harvesting is still performed manually. This crop is formed on trees of high canopy, subjecting pickers to risks and physic...
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Biological control in integrated management of deciduous fruit insect pests: the use of semiochemicals
Over the past 25 years, semiochemical-based technologies have emerged as essential components of pest management programmes in deciduous fruit production systems. Pheromone-based mating disruption is by far the most widely adopted behavioural control, with nearly 800 000 ha of fruit crops treated...
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Advances in breeding and cultivation of pomegranate
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is among the first cultivated crops in the world. However, consumers’ preference for this fruit was not high for many centuries due to the difficulty of extracting the arils for eating. Recent studies noting the superior pharmacological and therapeutic propert...
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Smart distribution to maintain shelf life of horticultural produce
Most fresh horticultural crops in developed countries that are harvested but not consumed (40 to 50%) are wasted because the quality is inadequate for marketing or does not meet consumer quality requirements. Reducing quality deterioration can both extend shelf life and reduce waste of fresh hort...
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Brown rot: causes, detection and control of monilinia spp. affecting tree fruit
Monilinia spp. cause economically important fungal diseases of pome and stone fruits. This chapter focuses on the four main Monilinia/Monilia species that is Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, M. fructigena and M. polystroma. The chapter concentrates on general and specific features of the four brown...
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Instant insights: vertical farming in horticulture
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on vertical farming in horticulture.
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Postharvest management of apple quality
This chapter briefly focuses on various aspects of postharvest management of apple fruit quality, including harvest maturity, pre-cooling, storage (conventional cold storage, control atmosphere and dynamic control atmosphere), packaging, ethylene and respiration management by using pre-storage ri...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of ornamental plants
This collection reviews recent research in ornamentals. Part 1 discusses advances in understanding plant physiology, genetic diversity and breeding techniques. Part 2 surveys advances in cultivation techniques in areas such as nutrition, irrigation, protected cultivation and pest management.
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Advances in understanding pre-harvest apple fruit development
Fruit growth is a complex mechanism linking biochemical and biophysical processes promoting water and dry matter uptake in fruit tissues. This chapter describes growth mechanisms in apple fruit at different phenological stages and relates phases to key physiological parameters for fruit growth, i...
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Research and technology in plant factories with artificial lighting: past, present and future
The past decade has seen rapid improvements in the technology used for plant factories with artificial light (PFALs), and these improvements are expected to continue for the coming years. These technological advancements are both a continuation and a synthesis of technologies that have been under...
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Biomass gasification for bioenergy
Thermal gasification is a very relevant technological platform to assess in relation to production of carbon negative bioenergy from plant materials as it offers high feed- and product flexibility combined with high energy efficiency. Many different biomass feedstock and organic secondary resourc...
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Plum pox virus: detection and management
Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is the most important virus inducing extended yield losses in plums, on account of reduced fruit quality, premature fruit drop and rapid natural virus spread by aphid vectors. This chapter provides general information on the status of this disease a...
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Advances in understanding soil health for vegetable cultivation
Sustainability of our food systems depends on the maintenance of healthy soils. The links between soil quality, long-term soil productivity, and environmental quality are now widely acknowledged, as is the importance of conserving soil as a resource for future generations. Determining and predict...
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Insect-transmitted viral diseases infecting tomato crops
Many viruses transmitted by insects cause great damage to tomato crops in the field and in the greenhouse, seriously damaging tomato production in many regions of the globe. Management of insect transmitted tomato viruses is a race between the emergence of new viruses coupled with the proliferati...
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Advances in pre-harvest management of apple quality
Fruit quality attributes such as colour, firmness, crispness, juiciness and flavour are the primary factors that drive consumers choice when purchasing apples. Many of these characteristics are inherent with the genetics of the cultivar. However, several pre-harvest factors can be managed horticu...
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The role of habitat conservation and restoration in protecting pollinators in agricultural landscapes
This chapter focuses on challenges and options in habitat restoration for solitary bees which account for 90% of bee species. As well as being important parts of local ecosystems, these species are pollinators of a wide range of crops such as alfalfa, tomato, eggplant and blueberries, cucurbit cr...
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Advances in the use of biological control agents in the disinfection of horticultural produce
This chapter reviews advances in the use of biological control agents in the disinfection of horticultural produce. It discusses plant extracts and animal-based materials as postharvest treatments, the discovery of microbial antagonists and their mode of action. It also reviews the integration of...
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Developments in alternative organic materials for growing media in soilless culture systems
There is increasing pressure on both growing media manufacturers and horticulturists to significantly reduce their reliance on peat as a constituent of substrates. This chapter distils down the available information on alternative organic materials which have emerged as the major contenders for p...
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Advances in mango cultivation
The mango is an important crop and is commercially cultivated in all continents, both in the tropics and subtropics. According to FAO statistics, mangoes are produced in 100 countries and on a global scale, mango production has increased considerably. This chapter explains the genetic aspects tha...
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Instant insights: irrigation management in horticultural production
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in irrigation management in horticultural production, focussing on more conventional growing systems, as well as emerging systems, such as soilless culture production.
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Advances in understanding plant root behaviour and rootzone management in soilless culture systems
A healthy and vigorous root system is essential in soilless plant cultivation. The primary function of roots in soilless systems is water and nutrient uptake. Root nutrient uptake has three characteristics: (1) selective, (2) accumulative, and (3) genotype dependent. Many factors can affect root ...
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Entomovectoring: using pollinators to spread biocontrol agents
In this chapter, we review the most important factors for successful entomovectoring. Several previous applications of the entomovectoring technology using two commercially used bumblebee species, Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, will be discussed. Finally, we will present a case study foc...
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Energy consumption in plant factories with artificial lighting: concepts and pathways toward a sustainable future
This chapter will review published literature related to plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) energy consumption, provide detail on concepts around energy consuming systems, and give example case-studies with scenario analysis to illustrate the impacts of making energy efficient decis...
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Sustainable use of switchgrass for biofuel
Switchgrass, a productive, perennial warm-season grass, native to much of North America, has much potential as a sustainable biofuel crop. The species is productive, has capacity to sequester carbon, and it offers supporting services such as filtering water and provisioning of wildlife habitat. C...
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Advances in sanitising techniques and their assessment for assuring the safety of fresh produce
Fresh produce accounts for the majority of foodborne illness outbreaks and >30% of food waste attributed to premature spoilage. To date, pathogen control has been focused on the pre-harvest stage, in the form of testing and Good Agricultural Practice, given the limited efficacy of post-harvest...
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Understanding and monitoring diseases of vegetables
In-depth background knowledge on detecting and identifying plant diseases is essential for helping to raise healthy crops. This chapter provides an overview of historical developments in understanding and monitoring plant diseases, including the invention of light and electronic microscopes, Koch...
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Understanding and optimising the biological properties of growing media for soilless cultivation
The biological properties of growing media (GM) in soilless cultivation have been considered minor traits for decades. However, there is a growing demand for alternative, cheaper GM constituents, characterized by organic origin. A better understanding of the biological processes of GM is a key fa...
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Design and management of industrial-scale vertical farms: intelligent growth solutions (igs)
For growers to fully realise the benefits of a total controlled environment agriculture system, ensuring the correct design and management of industrial-scale vertical farms is critical. Systems should be modular, scalable, and flexible to de-risk the farmer's businesses and make the most of econ...
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Developments in rapid detection/high throughput screening techniques for identifying pathogens in food
For reasons of food safety and quality assurance, rapid identification of pathogens causing spoilage and infections in food matrices is essential. Conventional approaches include enrichment of microbial pathogens in a range of non-selective and pathogen-specific selective media, followed by bioch...
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Apple replant disease: causes and management
Apple replant disease (ARD) is an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of the apple industry worldwide. There are many complex pathogenic factors that may cause ARD, and as a result ARD is difficult to manage in the absence of broad-spectrum soil fumigants with limited virg...
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Advances in liquid- and solid-medium soilless culture systems
There are two types of soilless cultivation. Liquid systems are the growing of plants in the nutrient solution or under the mist of nutrient solution without a solid substrate. Solid-medium systems use inorganic, or organic materials for the plant roots. The chapter reviews a number of liquid sys...
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Advances in understanding and presenting contamination of fresh produce by listeria monocytogenes
Due to changes in lifestyle and the increasing awareness of a healthy diet, consumers’ demand for fresh produce during the last few decades has increased rapidly, bringing along new challenges to the produce industry, including food safety issues. The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is ...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) in vegetables: examples of successful deployment
Vegetable producers around the world are confronted with the daunting task of managing ever-evolving pests and pathogens with a limited number of effective chemical management tools. This chapter examines examples of successful deployment of integrated pest management (IPM) in vegetable cultivati...
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Optimizing product quality in soilless culture systems (scs)
In a soilless culture system (SCS), quality parameters of produce may be improved by better control of the environmental and technical factors involved. This chapter focuses on the main factors through which it is possible to influence and improve the quality profile of soilless horticultural pro...
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Advances in papaya cultivation
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most nutritious fruits. Due to the presence of the enzyme ‘papain’, which has a number of uses, there is now an increased industrial demand for the fruit. This chapter reviews plant and floral morphology of papaya as well as advances in genetics and breedin...
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Climate-smart crop production: understanding complexity for achieving triple-wins
Climate-smart cropping options aim to simultaneously improve crop productivity, adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter provides a concise overview of a wide range of climate-smart cropping options and investigates in detail the potential of conservation agricult...
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Advances in organic cultivation of vegetables
Organic farming is considered an agroecological system focused on promoting biological cycles, soil biological activity, and biodiversity toward enhancing resource conservation and environmental quality. The global growth of the organic market and production drives the research to improve organic...
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Advances in breeding of mangoes
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and closely related genera (Mangifera spp.) belong to the family Anacardiaceae that consists of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs. The mango is distributed widely in the world’s tropical and subtropical regions as well as in a wide range of areas with a marginal climate ...
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Advances in breeding of coconut
The coconut, Cocos nucifera L. was once the most important palm crop in the humid tropics. After an introduction to the current extent of coconut cultivation and uses, this chapter discusses the origins and botany of coconut. It then reviews available genetic resources. The chapter goes on to rev...
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The effects on crop cultivation of increased co₂, temperature and ozone levels due to climate change
Atmospheric changes, including high CO2 concentration, air temperature and tropospheric ozone concentration, are challenging our crop cultivation systems, with potential negative implications for global food production. Atmospheric changes directly affect different physiological processes, and fu...
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Assessing the impact of disease on pollinators
Pests and pathogens are a major factor in the health and wellbeing of pollinators. We provide a brief review of the major pests and pathogens of three important insect pollinator taxa of crop plants: honey bees (Apis spp.), bumble bees (Bombus spp.) and other wild bees. For honey bees, the varroa...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of vegetables
This volume summarises the wealth of research on improving sustainability in vegetable cultivation. Part 1 reviews advances in physiology and breeding. Parts 2-3 summarise advances in cultivation and pest management. The final part includes case studies on the breeding and cultivation of key vege...
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Exploiting the genetic diversity of ornamentals
Germplasm is important in maintaining genetic resources for plants because it encompasses living genetic resources that new plants can be grown from. Nursery (field) storage, pollen storage, seed collections, and in vitro storage are ways plant germplasm can be stored, and constitute what is call...
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Advances in mandarin breeding
Citrus is a leading fruit crop worldwide, with more than 130 million tons and mandarins representing 25% of total production. Mandarins are destined mainly to the fresh market, with China and the Mediterranean region being the main areas of production. Mandarins are a diverse group showing high g...
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Agroforestry as a solution for multiple climate change challenges in africa
With appropriate management, agroforestry helps maintain ecosystem services for food, fiber, wood and biodiversity along with the expansion of bioenergy. This chapter consolidates various data on the role of trees for mitigation and adaptation, including the development of novel bioenergy solutio...
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